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Researchers analyzed the brains of 15 cadavers—12 men and three women who died between the ages of 33 and 100—and found eight contained microplastics in the tissue of the olfactory bulb, the part of the brain that processes smell, the study said. The presence of microplastics on the olfactory bulb indicates a “potential pathway” for microplastics to make their way to other parts of the brain, researchers said. Early findings in a study published in May suggested [...]

Researchers found a surprising development. ...... read full story

An Oxford study reveals neuropeptide Y promotes energy-burning fat cells, contradicting prevailing views about its role in obesity. A type of neuron that protects from gaining weight is damaged by obesity, according to a new animal study. The study , published in Nature, found that these neurons release a type of protein, known as neuropeptide Y (NPY), that encourages fat-burning. Mice that are low on NPY became obese even when fed a healthy diet with no increased calorie intake, the [...]

Researchers now have unlocked the genome of the Arabica species and traced its origins to a natural mating between two other coffee species an estimated 610,000 to one million years ago in the forests of Ethiopia. That makes this species older than our own species Homo sapiens, which arose in Africa about 300,000 years ago. The researchers sequenced the genomes of 39 Arabica varieties, including a specimen from the 18th century, to create the highest quality genome to date of this species, [...]

The study charts the family history of Arabica, the world's most popular coffee species, through Earth's heating and cooling periods over the last millennia. ...... read full story

Realizing the potential for coffee plants to thrive in the face of climate change may reside in the wisdom of the past. Uncovering mysteries about its genealogy spanning millennia and countries, researchers co-led by the University at... read full story

Using genes from coffee plants around the world, researchers built a family tree for the world's most popular type of coffee, known to scientists as Coffea arabica and to coffee lovers simply as “arabica.” The researchers, hoping to learn more about the plants to better protect them from pests and climate change, found that the species emerged around 600,000 years ago through natural crossbreeding of two other coffee species. “In other words, prior to any [...]

The outbreak of dengue fever that has unfolded in Latin America over the past three months is staggering in its scale — a million cases in Brazil in a matter of weeks, a huge spike in Argentina, a state of emergency declared in Peru and now another in Puerto Rico. It forewarns of a changing landscape for the disease. The mosquitoes that spread dengue thrive in densely populated cities with weak infrastructure, and in warmer and wetter environments — the type of habitat that is [...]

A study reported in the journal acta ethologica has recorded the use of ultrasound by amphibians for the first time in South America. It also describes the first documented case of the use of ultrasound for defense against predators, in a distress call of ear-piercing intensity to many animals, but inaudible to humans. ... read full story "In light of the fact that amphibian diversity in Brazil is the highest in the world, with more than 2,000 species described, it [...]