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The study analyzed the effectiveness of 12 models of sunglasses and found that only one model met the safety limits for ultraviolet radiation exposure established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Researchers from the Ophthalmic Instrumentation Laboratory at the São Carlos School of Engineering of the University of São Paulo (EESC-USP) in Brazil showed that the lenses do not meet at least one of the safety limits defined in the [...]

More than half of Brazil’s rivers are at risk of reduced flow due to water seeping into underground aquifers. This is the result of an analysis of 17,972 wells throughout the country. Of these, 55.4% had water levels below the surface of the nearest rivers. This difference in hydraulic level creates a gradient that favors the seepage of water from the river into the subsoil, which can turn rivers into water flow losers. The study, conducted by researchers from Brazil and abroad, [...]

An article published in the journal Scientific Reports describes how researchers analyzed biofilm produced by bacteria found in the El Medano hot springs, located in Chile in the central Andes, and concluded that one of its key ingredients can be used to develop natural additives for the pharmaceutical and food industries. The biofilm ingredient in question is an exopolysaccharide (EPS), a cluster of extracellular carbohydrate polymers produced by the thermotolerant Med1 strain of the [...]

A group of Brazilian researchers has presented an innovative proposal to resolve a decades-old debate among theoretical physicists: How many fundamental constants are needed to describe the observable universe? Here, the term “fundamental constants” refers to the basic standards needed to measure everything. The study is published in the journal Scientific Reports The group argues that the number of fundamental constants depends on the type of space-time in which the theories [...]

An article describing their research is published in the journal Science Advances . The study was led by researchers affiliated with the University of São Paulo (USP) and EMBRAPA, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation. The findings reinforce the theory, based on genetic evidence from plants alive now, that domestication of maize may also have been completed in South America, as proposed in an article published in 2018 in the journal Science The samples of partially [...]

“There are small toads with all the characteristics of large toads except for their size. This genus is different. During its evolution, it underwent what we biologists call miniaturization, which involves loss, reduction and/or fusion of bones, as well as fewer digits and absence of other parts of its anatomy,” said Luís Felipe Toledo, corresponding study author and a professor in the Institute of Biology (IB-UNICAMP). The findings are published in the journal PeerJ B. [...]

High blood pressure (hypertension) causes thickening of the blood vessels and hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis). A study conducted by Brazilian researchers has shown for the first time that a similar phenomenon occurs in the lungs. High blood pressure hardens the bronchi and increases airway resistance, impairing respiratory capacity. The study sample comprised 731 men and women over 60, both with and without high blood pressure. It was designed to investigate the effects of [...]

Motivated by this kind of consideration, researchers at São Paulo State University (UNESP) in Rio Claro, Brazil, used concepts of condensed matter physics to describe protein compartmentalization in cells and proposed a cellular Griffiths-like phase in direct analogy to the canonical magnetic Griffiths phase. The study is published in the journal Heliyon . The last author and PI is Mariano de Souza, a professor at the Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences (IGCE-UNESP), and the [...]

Extreme temperatures and humidity levels (excessive rain or drought) projected for the Amazon in the context of climate change may increase the volume of methane-producing microorganisms in flooded areas and reduce potential uptake of this greenhouse gas in upland forests by 70%, with global impacts, according to a study conducted by researchers at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil. An article reporting their findings is published in the journal Environmental Microbiome . [...]