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Dairy cows, exposed for a few years to drinking water contaminated with heavy metals, carry more pathogens loaded with antimicrobial-resistance genes able to tolerate and survive various antibiotics. That's the finding of a team of researchers that conducted a study of two dairy herds in Brazil four years after a dam holding mining waste ruptured, and it spotlights a threat to human health, the researchers contend. The study is the first to show that long-term persistence of heavy metals [...]

The devastating effects of human activity on wildlife in the American tropics over the last 500 years are revealed in a new study published today. More than half of the species in local 'assemblages' -- sets of co-existing species -- of medium and large mammals living in the Neotropics of Meso and South America have died out since the region was first colonised by Europeans in the 1500s. Researchers at the University of East Anglia (UEA), in the UK, and University of São Paulo [...]

FULL STORY Biofuel and bioenergy systems are integral to scenarios for displacing fossil fuel use and producing negative emissions through carbon capture and storage. But the net greenhouse gas mitigation benefit of these systems has been controversial, due to concerns around carbon losses from changes in land use and foregone sequestration benefits from alternative land uses. A new study led by Colorado State University -- including an interdisciplinary team of plant scientists, ecologists [...]

As flowers bloom and fruits ripen, they emit a colorless, sweet-smelling gas called ethylene. MIT chemists have now created a tiny sensor that can detect this gas in concentrations as low as 15 parts per billion, which they believe could be useful in preventing food spoilage. The sensor, which is made from semiconducting cylinders called carbon nanotubes, could be used to monitor fruit and vegetables as they are shipped and stored, helping to reduce food waste, says Timothy Swager, the John D. [...]

The global gene therapy market is expected to reach $13 billion by 2024 as new treatment options target cancers and other diseases. Now, a team of scientists from Purdue University and other research institutions around the world have come together to better understand the growing number of worldwide patented innovations available for gene therapy treatment. They specifically focus on nonviral methods, which use synthetic or natural compounds or physical forces to deliver materials generally [...]

WASHINGTON (AP) ” Researchers report two newly discovered species of electric eels in South America, one of which can deliver a bigger jolt than any other known animal. The researchers collected 107 eels in four countries and found differences in their DNA, along with minor physical variations. One species had the ability to generate 860 volts of electricity, more than the 650 volts discharged by the only previously identified type of electric eel. While 250 species of fish in South [...]

A paper published in Scientific Reports describes how researchers affiliated with the University of São Paulo's Medical School (FM-USP) in Brazil and colleagues at institutions in Europe evaluated behaviors leading to weight gain in adolescents. Childhood obesity can favor the premature emergence of health issues such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The main finding is that skipping breakfast, a common habit among teenagers, correlates directly with increased waist [...]

Site ScienceDaily publica reportagem sobre descoberta da Unifesp de que o carboidrato é apenas uma das formas de pagamento oferecido pelas plantas em troca do serviço de defesa proporcionado pelas formigas. Outra forma de pagamento são as proteínas que as formigas podem obter ao consumir os artrópodes herbívoros que se encontram disponíveis nas plantas que elas visitam. Publicado no periódico Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, o trabalho tem apoio da FAPESP por meio de Auxílio Regular à Pesquisa e da Capes

Heat flows from hot to cold objects. When a hot and a cold body are in thermal contact, they exchange heat energy until they reach thermal equilibrium, with the hot body cooling down and the cold body warming up. This is a natural phenomenon we experience all the time. It is explained by the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the total entropy of an isolated system always tends to increase over time until it reaches a maximum. Entropy is a quantitative measure of the disorder in a [...]