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When food is scarce, stress hormones direct the immune system to operate in "low power" mode to preserve immune function while conserving energy, according to researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine. This reconfiguration is crucial to combating infections amid food insecurity. When food is scarce, stress hormones direct the immune system to operate in "low power" mode to preserve immune function while conserving energy, according to researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine. This reconfiguration [...]

A study conducted in Brazil by researchers at the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) and the ABC Medical School (FMABC) warns that the prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can impair nutrient absorption. PPIs are a class of drugs that includes medications such as omeprazole, pantoprazole, and esomeprazole. They are used to treat gastric disorders. Using them inappropriately for periods longer than recommended by physicians can cause nutritional deficiencies, such as anemia, [...]

Panic attacks are sudden bouts of intense fear without an obvious cause. An estimated 10% of people experience at least one panic attack in their lifetime. But between 2% and 3% of the population have such frequent and severe panic attacks that they meet the criteria for the debilitating condition 'panic disorder'. The current standard of care for panic disorder is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), with or without antidepressants. A technique of CBT with proven efficacy is [...]

News release Brief intermittent intensive exercise found to be better than relaxation therapy in reducing severity and frequency of panic attacks Summary: A key technique of cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder is interoceptive exposure, where patients learn to tolerate the physical effects of panic attacks through repeated simulated exposure. Now, scientists have shown in a randomized controlled trial that brief intermittent intensive exercise is more effective at reducing the [...]

Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health conditions in the world. Around one in four people will experience an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives. These conditions include panic disorder, which causes sudden and intense anxiety attacks, generalized anxiety disorder, where people feel constant and hard-to-control worry about daily life, and phobias, which involve strong fear of specific objects or situations. Even though anxiety is so common, scientists still do [...]

The application of modulated UV-C light to guavas – emitted in pulses or cycles rather than continuously – combated anthracnose. This fungal disease is caused by microorganisms belonging to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex and triggers dark lesions on the fruit after harvest, reducing its shelf life. An article on the technique was published in the journal Horticulturae. The disease usually manifests on the skin but can reach the pulp through injuries caused by insects, [...]

In her 1962 book, Silent Spring, American biologist Rachel Carson revealed that DDT, a widely used pesticide at the time, was responsible for the mass death of birds, including the iconic bald eagle. One reason was that the pesticide made eggshells thinner, causing mothers to break them when sitting on them to incubate. Silent Spring is considered the founding work of the modern environmental movement. Most rich countries had banned DDT by the 1970s. In Brazil, the agricultural ban did [...]

Transgender women who have undergone hormone therapy show comparable physical fitness to cisgender women, according to the most comprehensive analysis of its kind to date. The review, published Tuesday (Feb. 3) in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, looked at 52 published studies that assessed the body composition, muscular strength and aerobic capacity of nearly 6,500 individuals, including about 2,900 transgender women and 2,300 transgender men. But what does that mean for actual [...]

"Dirty" or "extremely dirty": these are the classifications of 46% of the world's aquatic environments. This conclusion comes from a study that compiled and systematized data from 6,049 records of waste contamination in aquatic environments on all continents over the last decade. The study, coordinated by researcher Ítalo Braga de Castro and led by doctoral student Victor Vasques Ribeiro from the Institute of Marine Science at the Federal University of São Paulo (IMar-UNIFESP) in [...]