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A search for the first stars that winked into existence at the dawn of the Universe has yielded one of the oldest stars we've found yet, right next door to our own galaxy. It's not quite a member of the first stellar generation. This glimmer in the darkness, known as LMC 119, was spotted in the Large Magellanic Cloud that orbits the Milky Way, and it's the first star from the Universe's second generation that's been found in another galaxy. "This star [...]

The first generation of stars transformed the universe. Inside their cores, simple hydrogen and helium fused into a rainbow of elements. When these stars died, they exploded and sent these new elements across the universe. The iron running in your veins and the calcium in your teeth and the sodium powering your thoughts were all born in the heart of a long-dead star. No one has been able to find one of those first generation of stars, but scientists have announced a unique finding: a [...]

Ammonia is one of the most widely produced chemicals in the world, and is used in a great many manufacturing and service industries. The conventional production technology is the Haber-Bosch process, which combines nitrogen gas (N2) and hydrogen gas (H2) in a reactor in the presence of a catalyst. This process requires high levels of temperature and pressure, resulting in substantial power consumption. Indeed, ammonia production is estimated to consume 1%-2% of the world's electricity and [...]

Magnetic moment is an intrinsic property of a particle with spin, arising from interaction between the particle and a magnet or other object with a magnetic field. Like mass and electric charge, magnetic moment is one of the fundamental magnitudes of physics. There is a difference between the theoretical value of the magnetic moment of a muon, a particle that belongs to the same class as the electron, and the values obtained in high-energy experiments conducted in particle accelerators. The [...]

Some 20,000 metric tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) are produced every day in metropolitan São Paulo (Brazil), with household trash accounting for 12,000 tons and street cleaning (mainly sweeping, open-air market refuse collection, pruning and grass cutting) for 8,000 tons. This amount of household trash corresponds to about 1 kg per inhabitant per day. The national composition of MSW is 50% organic matter, 35% recyclables and 15% landfill refuse. Efficient MSW management, with [...]

The first generation of stars transformed the universe. Inside their cores, simple hydrogen and helium fused into a rainbow of elements. When these stars died, they exploded and sent these new elements across the universe. The iron running in your veins and the calcium in your teeth and the sodium powering your thoughts were all born in the heart of a long-dead star. No one has been able to find one of those first generation of stars, but scientists have announced a unique finding: a star [...]

Researchers at a startup in Brazil are working to develop a system that detects the presence of microorganisms capable of marring a beer’s flavour and aroma in more stages than ever of production. Supported by FAPESP’s Innovative Research in Small Business Program, EasyOmics researchers are developing a tool that can be used by breweries in all stages of beer production and at points of sale. Whilst breweries already watch out for beer spoilage microorganisms during production, [...]

Reptiles that live in sandy soils in dry areas and tolerate high temperatures have been considered beneficiaries of global warming as suitable habitats expand owing to climate change. However, a study by Brazilian researchers shows this is not necessarily the case, according to an article published in the Journal of Arid Environments. "We concluded that climate change will modify the geographical distribution of reptiles and lead to the extinction of some species. That's [...]

In an article published in the journal Psychiatry Research, Brazilian scientists describe a number of molecular alterations found in the blood and brain tissue of individuals who committed suicide. According to the authors, the study aimed to identify susceptibility factors and potential targets for innovative pharmacological intervention. More than 700,000 people take their own lives worldwide each year, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The suicide rate is [...]