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Newswise — Since the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak, a group of corticosteroids known as glucocorticoids (GCs) have emerged as a prominent treatment choice, particularly for critical cases, due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Recent findings from Brazilian scientists have unveiled fresh mechanisms through which these medications impact the body's inflammatory response during an infection: they elevate levels of endocannabinoids (eCBs), internally-produced [...]

Newswise — Between approximately 450 BCE and 950 CE, millions of Amerindian people living in today’s Amazonia transformed the originally poor soil through various processes. Over many human generations, soils were enriched with charcoal from their low-intensity fires for cooking and burning refuse, animal bones, broken pottery, compost, and manure. The result is Amazonian dark earth (ADE) or terra preta, exceptionally fertile because rich in nutrients and stable organic matter [...]

Researchers from Brazil's State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) have cultivated microalgae in a laboratory setting under carefully controlled conditions. Their primary aim was to harness the metabolites, particularly lipids, produced by these microorganisms to create biofuels. The findings of the study have been published in the journal Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. Luisa Fernanda Ríos, the second author of the article, explained that besides utilizing the microalgae's [...]

Tropical regions of the world often exhibit the coexistence of savannas and forests within the same geographic area, which are subject to similar climatic conditions. The Cerrado biome in Brazil is a prime example of such coexistence, encompassing a diverse range of vegetation types ranging from dense woodland or shrubland with broad-leaved and sclerophyllous vegetation (cerrado sensu stricto), to closed-canopy semi-evergreen forests (cerradão), grasslands with scattered shrubs (campo [...]

A research model of dietary intake in 184 countries, developed by researchers at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, estimates that poor diet contributed to over 14.1 million cases of type 2 diabetes in 2018, representing over 70% of new diagnoses globally. The analysis, which looked at data from 1990 and 2018, provides valuable insight into which dietary factors are driving type 2 diabetes burden by world region. The study was published April 17 in the [...]

Newswise — In Brazil, a group of researchers supported by FAPESP created mutant forms of Salmonella to understand the mechanisms that favor colonization of the intestinal tract of chickens by these pathogenic bacteria and find better ways to combat the infection they cause. An article on the study is published in the journal Scientific Reports. In it, the researchers note that, contrary to expectations, the mutant strains caused more severe infections than [...]

Newswise — Researchers at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil are using artificial intelligence (AI) and Twitter, one of the world’s largest social media platforms, to try to create anxiety and depression prediction models that could in future provide signs of these disorders before clinical diagnosis. The study is reported in an article published in the journal Language Resources and Evaluation. Construction of a database, called SetembroBR, was the first step [...]

Newswise — Bioactive compounds present mostly in fruit and vegetables perform different bodily functions relating to health and well-being. Their effects are considered antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiaging and anticancer, among others. Many studies are looking for ways to optimize absorption of bioactive compounds by the organism and increase their bioavailability – the proportion that enters the bloodstream after absorption. One way is to coat the compounds with another material [...]

Understanding the arrangement of electrons in compounds containing actinide elements, such as uranium and plutonium, can help advance the design of next-generation nuclear materials. These elements are challenging to study due to their complex chemistry and radioactivity. Also, these elements, which are in a sequence of related elements called the actinide series, have electrons that are organized in ways that don’t match theoretical predictions. Researchers synthesized five different [...]