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A new species of electric eel with the most powerful shock of any animal ever discovered has been found in the Amazon. The creature is one of three species now confirmed to exist—for the last 250 years, since electric eels were first identified, it was thought there was just one species in the genus. In a study published in Nature Communications, researchers led by C. David de Santana, from the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, analyzed over 100 fish collected [...]

Scientists have for years known that drinking moderately protects the heart, and they are now a step closer to understanding why. Researchers behind a study in mice believe consuming small amounts of alcohol could protect the heart because it activates an enzyme which puts the organ under a healthy level of stress and makes it stronger. According to the team at the Biomedical Science Institute of the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Stanford University in the U.S., an enzyme called [...]

The toothpaste aisle may be full of tubes that claim to help with sensitivity and prevent enamel erosion, but these promises fall flat, according to a new study. Tooth sensitivity and enamel loss may seem like two separate problems, but the issues are related, according to study co-author and researcher Samira Helena João-Souza of the University of São Paulo's School of Dentistry in Brazil. "Research has shown that dentin exposed with open tubules causes hypersensitivity, and erosion is one [...]

An exotic form of single-celled life that lives alone, surviving on nuclear energy and never seeing the light of day, could be just the sort of life that can thrive on Europa, the icy moon orbiting Jupiter that scientists consider one of the best candidates for finding life beyond Earth. That's the conclusion of a recent paper published in the journal Scientific Reports. The paper considered a community of bacteria called Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator found at the bottom of a gold [...]

To any high school graduate or regular viewer of a certain CBS sitcom, the concept of the Big Bang should be somewhat familiar. In broad strokes, the theory is that the universe started from the expansion of an extremely hot, dense, single point and continues to expand to this day. Juliano César Silva Neves, a physicist at the University of Campinas in São Paulo, Brazil, now suggests that might be wrong, in a paper published in the journalGeneral Relativity and Gravitation. Physicist [...]