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Quantum phase transition discovered in a quasi-2D system consisting purely of spins
Publicado em 12 de julho de 2021
Pure quantum systems can undergo phase transitions analogous to the classical phase transition between the liquid and gaseous states of water. At the quantum level, however, the particle spins in states that emerge from phase transitions display collective entangled behavior. This unexpected observation offers a new avenue for the production of materials with topological properties that are useful in spintronics applications and quantum computing.
The discovery was made by an international [...]
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The incidence of COVID-19 in a Brazilian regional soccer league is one of the highest
Publicado em 09 julho 2021A study conducted at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil shows that the incidence of infections by the novel coronavirus among professional soccer players in São Paulo state during the 2020 season was 11.7%, the same as among health workers in the front line of the response to the pandemic. To arrive at this number, the researchers retrospectively analyzed almost 30,000 RT-PCR tests performed on swabs from 4,269 athletes during eight tournaments of the São Paulo [...]ver notícia -
Novel coronavirus infects and replicates in salivary gland cells
Publicado em 07 julho 2021A study conducted at the University of São Paulo suggests that tissues specializing in saliva production and secretion serve as reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2, magnifying its infectious potential (electron microscope image showing novel coronavirus inside salivary glands; credit: Bruno Matuck/USP) In Brazil, researchers at the University of São Paulo’s Medical School (FM-USP) have discovered that SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in the salivary glands. Analysis of samples from [...]ver notícia -
SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in the salivary glands, study finds
Publicado em 06 julho 2021In Brazil, researchers at the University of São Paulo’s Medical School (FM-USP) have discovered that SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in the salivary glands. Analysis of samples from three types of salivary gland obtained during a minimally invasive autopsy procedure performed on patients who died from complications of COVID-19 at Hospital das Clínicas, FM-USP’s hospital complex, showed that tissues specializing in producing and secreting saliva serve as reservoirs [...]ver notícia -
A 50% rise in carbon dioxide level could reduce rainfall in the Amazon more than deforestation
Publicado em 29 junho 2021A 50% rise in the level of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the atmosphere could reduce rainfall in the Amazon as much as or even more than substitution of the entire forest by pasture. The rise in CO 2 would reduce the amount of water vapor emitted by the forest, leading to a 12% annual drop in the volume of rainfall, while total deforestation would reduce rainfall by 9%. These estimates are presented in a study published in Biogeosciences by scientists affiliated with the National Space Research [...]ver notícia -
Concepts from physics explain importance of quarantine to control spread of COVID-19
Publicado em 24 junho 2021Mathematical models that describe the physical behavior of magnetic materials can also be used to describe the spread of the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19. This is the conclusion of a study conducted in Brazil by researchers affiliated with São Paulo State University (UNESP) in Rio Claro and Ilha Solteira and reported in an article published in Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. The study was part of a project led by Mariano de Souza, a professor at [...]ver notícia -
Marine sediments explain how part of Brazil’s Northeast region became semi-arid
Publicado em 22 junho 2021Rainfall associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the belt of converging trade winds and rising air that encircles the Earth near the Equator, affects the food and water security of approximately 1 billion people worldwide. They include about 11% of the Brazilian population, concentrated in four states of the Northeast region—Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Piauí, and Maranhão. Large swaths of these states have a semi-arid climate, and about half of all [...]ver notícia -
Poaching affects behavior of endangered capuchin monkeys in Brazilian biological reserve
Publicado em 22 junho 2021A study conducted in the Una Biological Reserve in the state of Bahia, Brazil, shows that in a habitat with high hunting pressure the risk of predation has such a significant impact on the behavior of the Yellow-breasted capuchin monkey Sapajus xanthosternos that it even avoids areas offering an abundant supply of plant biomass and invertebrates, its main sources of food. “Many theories in the field of primatology assume that pressure to find food is more important that [...]ver notícia -
Immune system dysfunction can modify the association between cannabis use and psychosis
Publicado em 17 junho 2021The presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood can boost the effects of daily cannabis use and heighten the risk of developing psychosis in adulthood. Similar results have been observed, also in the presence of cytokines, when cannabis is used during adolescence. Psychotic disorders include symptoms such as delirium, loss of a sense of reality, hallucinations, hearing voices, and cognitive and social impairments. A study by researchers at the University of São Paulo’s [...]ver notícia -
Experiments simulate possible impact of climate change on crabs
Publicado em 15 junho 2021Albeit very small, with a carapace width of only 3 cm, the Atlantic mangrove fiddler crab Leptuca thayeri can be a great help to scientists seeking to understand more about the effects of global climate change. In a study published in the journal Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Brazilian researchers supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) show how the ocean warming and acidification forecast by the end of the century could affect the lifecycle of these [...]ver notícia