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Brazilian researchers are studying the genetics and gut microbiota of Nelore cattle to develop strategies that reduce methane emissions and improve feed efficiency in the country's most widely raised beef breed. The work aims to address livestock farming's significant contribution to greenhouse gases. Scientists at EMBRAPA identified microbial gene expression linked to methane volume and feed utilization, mapping enzymes that could serve as biotechnological targets for new feed [...]

A new personalized metabolic score, developed by European researchers, may help predict healthy aging and disease risk by analyzing blood markers. The indicator aims to identify individuals at higher risk of functional decline, potentially delaying the onset of cardiometabolic diseases by 14 years per point increase. The tool, presented by Joris Deelen of Leiden University Medical Center, was refined using data from 44,000 volunteers across 12 European studies, with 5,500 deaths recorded. It [...]

Researchers have developed a drone-based AI system that tracks cattle growth without stressful trips to scales, allowing producers to determine optimal sale times more accurately. The technology was presented Oct. 28 during FAPESP Week Netherlands and is described in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. The system uses drones flying at 15 meters with deep learning algorithms to segment animal bodies and extract morphological metrics, achieving 95.56% accuracy in locating individual [...]

Researchers at the University of São Paulo have created a computational "digital twin" of the human chest that predicts light paths through tissue, aiming to personalize light-based treatments for respiratory diseases like pneumonia. The model, described in PNAS, uses CT scans to simulate how light radiation travels through skin, fat, muscles, and bones to reach the lungs. This allows calculation of exact doses needed for photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation, which use light to [...]

Researchers have proposed a new method to read quantum information from Andreev qubits without destroying it, using the qubit's own oscillating supercurrent as a non-destructive measurement signal, eliminating the need for auxiliary qubits. The study, published in Physical Review B Letters and led by José Carlos Egues of the University of São Paulo and Yugui Yao of the Beijing Institute of Technology, shows the supercurrent's constant and oscillating components encode the [...]

A Brazilian biobank initiative at Hospital de Amor in Barretos aims to help the public SUS system identify individuals at higher cancer risk through personalized prevention tools, using genetic and epidemiological data from thousands of participants. The project has enrolled 4,062 participants with nearly 40,000 blood samples, targeting 8,000 people over two years, focusing on breast, colorectal, and cervical cancers. Researchers plan to develop polygenic risk scores, which aggregate [...]

A fossil snake discovered in São Paulo, Brazil, reveals that ecologically diverse snake populations existed 80 million years ago, according to a study in Nature. The species, Tametara mirim, lived underground, while a contemporary Argentine species lived on the surface. The 42-centimeter fossil, found in Presidente Prudente, is the first articulated snake fossil from Brazil. CT scans showed Tametara had dense skull bones and inner ear features adapted for burrowing, contrasting with the [...]

A new study of 4,200 Brazilian adolescents found that cyberbullying rarely occurs alone, almost always extending physical and verbal aggression already present in schools, creating a cycle spanning both physical and digital worlds. The research, led by Professor Zila Sanchez at the Federal University of São Paulo, identified three student profiles: 48% uninvolved in violence, 46% primarily bullied at school, and 6% as "victim-perpetrators" active across multiple contexts. This smallest [...]

Researchers at the University of São Paulo have proposed a safer alternative to conventional hormone replacement therapy for menopause by activating only one type of estrogen receptor, avoiding stimulation of reproductive tissues like the uterus and breasts. The study, published in Comprehensive Physiology and conducted on rats, found that activating estrogen receptor beta restored blood glucose levels, normalized lipid profiles, and improved liver and pancreas function without affecting [...]