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Space travel demands extreme precision because every kilogram of propellant adds enormous cost and complexity to a mission. A team of researchers has now introduced a mathematical technique that sharpens calculations for the most fuel-efficient routes between the orbits of celestial bodies. When applied to travel between Earth and the Moon, the approach produced a trajectory that consumes less propellant than any route previously documented in the scientific literature. The High Stakes of [...]

SAO PAULO (AP) — The administration of Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva frequently touts how it has sharply slowed deforestation in the Amazon, and indeed it has. When the next official annual numbers are released in October, the deforestation rate is expected to be the lowest since 2012. Despite gains in keeping forest standing, however, many other threats, ranging from climate change to potential legislation on the horizon, are putting the forest at risk. Forest [...]

A study published in the Journal of Systematic Palaeontology describes a new species of dinosaur discovered during construction of a road-rail terminal in the city of Davinópolis in the state of Maranhão, in the Northeast of Brazil. The animal, named Dasosaurus tocantinensis, was approximately 20 meters long and lived about 120 million years ago. From an evolutionary perspective, its closest known relative lived in what is now Spain. The discovery indicates not only the presence of a new [...]

Research conducted at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil revealed that hops (Humulus lupulus L.) industrial waste from the brewing industry is a viable option for sunscreen formulation production. The multidisciplinary study, which involved researchers from USP's School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), was inspired by the large amount of waste generated and discarded during beer production. The study brought together complementary expertise in natural products and bioactive [...]

Even after fires, severe droughts, and windstorms, the vegetation in degraded Amazonian forests demonstrates a high capacity for regeneration, including tree species. However, recovery occurs under new ecological conditions, resulting in a loss of diversity and increased vulnerability to new disturbances. Resilient forests, but shifting species Research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that vulnerable species are being replaced by more resilient, [...]

Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston have built an artificial intelligence pipeline that sifts through alphavirus genomes to identify the protein fragments most likely to trigger a strong immune response, a step toward vaccines that could protect against a family of mosquito-borne viruses for which almost no licensed shots exist. The effort, led by virologist Nikos Vasilakis and UTMB Chief AI Officer Peter McCaffrey, comes at a precarious moment for alphavirus [...]

Your brain does not age in isolation. The air you breathe, the places you move through, and the conditions you live in may all influence how your brain ages. A new global study shows that brain health depends not just on personal habits, but on the world around you. How the brain ages Scientists from the Global Brain Health Institute at Trinity College Dublin studied brain aging across 34 countries. The researchers explored how different environments affect the biological age of the [...]

A team of Brazilian researchers has produced a graphene-based scaffold that, when implanted into broken rat tibias, drove nearly 90% bone repair within a single month. The scaffold blends a carbon-graphene matrix with chitosan and xanthan polymers, turning industrial waste into a biologically active implant that actively guides new bone growth rather than simply filling a gap. The results, drawn from experiments on laboratory rats, represent one of the strongest preclinical signals yet that [...]

What if the fish on your plate carried hidden medicines from polluted rivers? This idea may sound unusual, but scientists have found clear evidence that it is happening. A study by the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture at the University of São Paulo shows that antibiotics are entering rivers, staying in the environment, and even reaching fish. Researchers led by Patrícia Alexandre Evangelista, with support from FAPESP, studied the Piracicaba River in Brazil. The study not only [...]