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Research into human genomic diversity has a number of applications in biomedicine, evolution, and history. However, many populations have historically been underrepresented on the human genomic map. This is the case of Native American populations, whose history of adaptation and genetic diversity remains largely unknown. For the first time, an international study led by the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE), a joint center of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Pompeu [...]

Maintaining connections between natural habitats may support beneficial microbes that help wildlife defend against disease. In a new study of tropical amphibians, a team led by Penn State biologists found that amphibians in connected natural forests and aquatic habitats were more likely to host beneficial skin microbes that inhibit a deadly fungal pathogen. But when these habitats become spatially separated due to planted crops, infrastructure development or other human land use, those [...]

In A Nutshell Seeds from the moringa tree, long used to purify water in Africa and South Asia, removed more than 98% of PVC microplastics from lab-simulated drinking water. The performance matches the performance of alum, the chemical standard used in water treatment plants worldwide. The moringa approach introduced additional dissolved organic carbon into treated water: a known limitation of plant-based cleaning agents and an area researchers say requires further work before [...]

Key takeaways InfoIcon Water Treatment Potential: Moringa oleifera seeds can remove microplastics from water, performing similarly or even better than aluminum sulfate in alkaline conditions. Sustainable Alternative: Unlike traditional coagulants, moringa is biodegradable, non-toxic, and suitable for small-scale or rural water treatment. Proven Effectiveness: Experiments with PVC-contaminated water and natural river water show moringa seed extract effectively coagulates and filters [...]

A Majorana fermion is a particle that would be identical to its antiparticle. Such an object has not yet been found. However, certain solid materials exhibit analogous behavior as if Majorana fermions were present through collective excitations of the system called quasiparticles.   In addition to generating interest in basic science as key components for understanding the material world, Majorana fermions have primarily been studied due to their potential technological applications in [...]

The University of Texas Medical Branch has developed an AI pipeline to pinpoint immune-triggering protein fragments in alphaviruses, aiming to accelerate vaccine design for this virus family. The approach comes as the U.S. lacks any licensed alphavirus vaccines after the FDA suspended the only approved shot, Ixchiq. Researchers say the system’s ability to rapidly update targets from new viral genomes could outpace traditional trial-and-error methods. AI pipeline zeroes in on immune [...]

A new study has found evidence that a specific brain region could be contributing to some cases of high blood pressure. And importantly, there may also be a way to reverse it. According to the study, carried out by a team from the University of São Paulo in Brazil and the University of Auckland in New Zealand, the lateral parafacial (pFL) brain region can trigger biological changes that raise blood pressure. The pFL is linked to breathing control – specifically those forceful and [...]

By Stephen Beech Parents' boozy habits really do rub off on their children, according to new research. The alcohol and drug use of moms and dads has a major influence on their children's future consumption, the study suggests. But stricter parenting styles can break the “like father, like son" intergenerational boozing patterns, according to the findings. Brazilian researchers analyzed data on the behavior of 4,280 adolescents and their parents or [...]

Researchers at the University of São Paulo have developed a blood test enhanced with artificial intelligence that can detect leprosy at earlier stages than traditional methods. By combining a new antibody test with a clinical questionnaire analyzed by AI, the approach identified all confirmed cases in a pilot study, many before symptoms became obvious. The method could strengthen Brazil’s public health screening and reduce disease spread if validated for nationwide use. AI and biomarkers [...]