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Unlike classical encryption, which relies on mathematical algorithms, quantum encryption assures security based on physical principles. Detection of espionage or interference is guaranteed by unavoidable alteration of the quantum states involved. Comparisons between the two systems yield impressive results. Classical supercomputers would currently take thousands of years to break strong encryption, but it will be possible to decipher the same codes in seconds with sufficiently powerful [...]

Agricultural classification of crops produced by organic farms in São Paulo state using the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS), 2020 . Credit: Organic Agriculture   In Brazil, a study compared two systems of organic product certification implemented in São Paulo state. One system involves conventional certification by auditors accredited by the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO). The other is peer-to-peer [...]

A more efficient, low-cost system to help detect microbes in water quickly and easily, could help save millions of lives yearly in developing countries. Updated: Researchers developed a fluorescence detection system (right) that can provide highly sensitive detection of deadly microorganisms in drinking water, without using any lenses. They are now converting the technology into a lensless dip-in handheld system (left) that could be useful for testing water quality in the traditional natural [...]

One of the three main tree species in São Paulo city, Brazil—the largest mega-city in the southern hemisphere—is the Tipuana (Tipuana tipu), also known as rosewood or tipu, a tall tree with a large spreading canopy. It is tolerant of extreme drought and can be considered an option to promote urban climate resilience, according to a paper published in the journal Urban Climate The study assessed the impact of the 2013–14 drought on trees in the city 's streets and [...]

Research indicates that while the most severe effects of SARS-CoV-2 were observed in patients with acute COVID-19 , individuals who experienced milder cases and were not hospitalized also reported symptoms of memory loss and attention deficits lasting over 18 months post-infection. Memory loss and attention deficit are common complaints among severe COVID-19 survivors. However, these and other cognitive impairments have also been observed in patients with mild cases more than 18 months after [...]

Researchers at the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) and the University of São Paulo (USP) have determined, for the first time with precision, the vertical limits of the marine environments in the Southwest Atlantic, the region comprising the offshore and coastal zones of the Atlantic side of South America. The study is reported in an article published in the journal Marine Environmental Research The main finding is the upper boundary of the mesophotic zone, the [...]

A group of researchers has found that the key criteria according to which areas of the Atlantic Rainforest can be legally cleared by their owners are defined in too "subjective and imprecise" a manner in Brazil's environmental legislation, allowing for the destruction of valuable forest that provides important ecosystem services. The group proposes changes to simplify the licensing process for landowners while at the same time making conservation policy more effective. The [...]

Researchers in Brazil have discovered that both Mayaro and chikungunya viruses are unexpectedly circulating in the Amazon rainforest at the same time. This discovery overturns the belief that antibodies from one virus would prevent an infection influx from the other in the same area. Samples analyzed between December 2018 and December 2021 showed outbreaks of both infections in Roraima, Brazil's northernmost state. Mayaro and chikungunya are arboviruses, viruses [...]

Only a fraction of nature's diversity, or species richness, is still known, especially when it comes to insects and fungi, both of which have millions of species still unknown to science. At the same time, the loss of nature is progressing at an unprecedented rate, and researchers are racing against time to find out the unknown diversity while also coming up with ways to save it. "Air is a real treasure trove for nature research," says Academy Research Fellow Nerea Abrego from [...]