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Researchers from the University of São Paulo and Universidad de Jaén in Brazil have shown that hydrogen can be produced from vine shoots—the main waste generated during vine pruning in viticulture, with up to 2 tons generated per hectare annually. Their work evaluates, for the first time, the possibility of using vine shoots as a substrate for the fermentative H2 production, evaluating one type of each physical, chemical and biological pre-treatments in order [...]

UK Natural History Museum Head of Earth Sciences Prof Richard Herrington and fellow expert members of SoS MinErals (an interdisciplinary program of NERC-EPSRC-Newton-FAPESP funded research) recently wrote a letter to the UK Committee on Climate Change pointing out that meeting UK electric car targets for 2050 would require production of just under two times the current total annual world cobalt production, nearly the entire world production of neodymium, three quarters the world’s lithium [...]

Using a protein produced by a fungus that lives in the Amazon, Brazilian researchers have developed a molecule capable of increasing glucose release from biomass for fermentation. The findings are published in an open-access paper the journal Scientific Reports. One of the main challenges of second-generation biofuel production is identifying enzymes produced by microorganisms for use in a cocktail of enzymes to catalyze biomass hydrolysis, in which the enzymes act together to break down the [...]

Researchers have discovered a novel enzyme (a ß-glucosidase) in microorganisms living in the Brazilian Amazon that could boost efficiency of the sugarcane bagasse saccharification process, which accounts for up to 50% of the global costs of cellulosic ethanol production. The team isolated, characterized and reproduced the enzyme, proving it to be compatible with two essential stages of the production of second-generation (cellulosic) ethanol: fermentation and saccharification. If these two [...]

A Brazilian researcher has developed an innovative method of laser welding at high temperatures that enhances the properties of advanced high-strength (AHS) steel for applications in the automotive and aerospace industries The automotive industry’s demand for high-performance AHS alloys has increased in recent years owing to increasingly stringent passenger safety, vehicle performance and fuel economy requirements. Characterized by improved formability and collision resilience compared to [...]

A study by researchers at the University of São Paulo’s Bioscience Institute (IB-USP) in Brazil, with colleagues at the Ohio State University, has found that the rising atmospheric concentration of CO2 is beneficial for the physiology of sorghum, an economically and nutritionally important crop grown worldwide. An open-access paper on their work is published in the journal Plant Physiology. The ability of sorghum to benefit from rising CO2 levels is due to a peculiarity of photosynthesis [...]

Boeing and Embraer have opened a joint sustainable aviation biofuel research center in a collaborative effort to further establish the aviation biofuel industry in Brazil. At the Boeing-Embraer Joint Research Center in the São José dos Campos Technology Park, the companies will coordinate and co-fund research with Brazilian universities and other institutions. The research will focus on technologies that address gaps in creating a sustainable aviation biofuel industry in Brazil, such as [...]