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Repercussão internacional de notícia produzida pela Agência FAPESP sobre pesquisa que mapeou clareiras na Amazônia e apontou fatores que contribuem para a mortalidade das árvores na maior e mais biodiversa floresta tropical do mundo. O estresse hídrico, a fertilidade do solo e a degradação da vegetação influenciam na dinâmica dessas clareiras. Os dados, coletados por meio da técnica LiDAR (sigla em inglês para Light Detection and Ranging), permitiram analisar lugares longínquos na Amazônia brasileira, onde os trabalhos de campo são muito difíceis e as imagens de satélite podem ser imprecisas, principalmente por causa da grande quantidade de nuvens. Publicado na Scientific Reports, o estudo coordenado pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Inpe) tem apoio da FAPESP por meio de Bolsa de Doutorado e Pós-Doutorado no país

Quantum dots are manmade nanoparticles of semiconducting material comprising only a few thousand atoms. Because of the small number of atoms, a quantum dot’s properties lie between those of single atoms or molecules and bulk material with a huge number of atoms. By changing the nanoparticles’ size and shape, it is possible to fine-tune their electronic and optical properties – how electrons bond and move through the material, and how light is absorbed and emitted by [...]

In Brazil, a study conducted by researchers affiliated with the University of São Paulo (USP) and collaborators showed that deforestation in the Amazon causes an increase in the diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. An article on the study, published in Soil Biology and Biochemistry, compares the microorganisms that live in the soil of native forest with those found in pasture and croplands. The researchers found a far larger number of genes considered markers of antibiotic [...]

A paper by a multidisciplinary team of scientists affiliated with various Brazilian institutions, including the University of São Paulo (USP) and the National Cancer Institute (INCA), shows that people of African descent are less likely to find a donor in the National Register of Voluntary Bone Marrow Donors (REDOME) than people with predominantly European ancestry. The paper is published in Frontiers in Immunology. REDOME is the world’s third-largest bone marrow bank, with more [...]

Researchers at Brazil’s National Space Research Institute (INPE), in partnership with colleagues in the United States, United Kingdom and South Africa, have recorded for the first time the formation and branching of luminous structures by lightning strikes. Analyzing images captured by a super slow motion camera, they discovered why lightning strikes bifurcate and sometimes then form luminous structures interpreted by the human eye as flickers. The study was supported by [...]

People who live in poorer cities have a higher risk of being hospitalised if temperatures change quickly through the course of a day or over a short period, according to a study undertaken in Brazil. While it was known that temperature variations increased the risk of disease and mortality for people with conditions such as diabetes or asthma, researchers wanted to understand the impact of socioeconomic indicators, such as monthly household income. Paulo Saldiva, a senior professor at the [...]

The pandemic has disrupted economic activity and worsened social problems in many countries. In Brazil, its impact has been especially severe. “The level of employment, defined as the number of people in work divided by the working-age population, fell below 50% in April 2020. It remained low until July when it bottomed out at 47%. This means over half the working-age population was unemployed,” said Rogério Barbosa, a professor at the State University of Rio de [...]

Young Brazilians are increasingly interested in biodiversity, conservation of the Amazon and science as they begin high school, but school students in the North region are more interested in learning about these subjects, and about local fauna and flora, than their peers in the Southeast. These are some of the findings of a study reported in an article in Science Advances. Part of a Thematic Project supported by FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation), the study analyzed data from five [...]

In Brazil’s coronavirus-ravaged north, up to 66 per cent of people living in Manaus have contracted COVID-19, according to new research that aims to shed light on herd immunity. Manaus, the capital of Amazonas state, has recorded about 51,000 cases of COVID-19 and more than 2,500 deaths from its population of less than two million. Many countries are yet to have recorded 50,000 cases. The threshold for herd immunity — a “fundamental epidemiological parameter” — [...]