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A Brazilian study published in the journal Communications Earth & Environment shows how wildfires and forest burning for agriculture influence rain cloud formation in the Amazon. According to the authors, aerosols (tiny solid particles and liquid droplets emitted into the atmosphere by fire) hinder the freezing of cloud droplets when the atmosphere is humidified, but can also promote freezing when the atmosphere is dry. This alters the natural functioning of clouds and their typical height, [...]

Researchers describe the genome of Bothrops jararaca and suggest the origin of genes responsible for toxins in its venom. A group led by researchers at Butantan Institute and funded by São Paulo Research Foundation—FAPESP has completed the first sequencing of a Brazilian snake's genome. The study is reported in an article published in the journalPNAS. It suggests that the nine genes that encode toxins produced by the jararaca pit viper Bothrops jararaca probably originated in [...]

More than 70% of the plant species that produce flowers depend on birds to disperse their seeds. Birds feed on fruits from a wide range of different plants, and the interactions between birds and plants make up a tangle of complex webs. Astudy carried out at the Institute of Biosciences of the University of São Paulo (IB-USP) in Brazil shows that the evolutionary stability of each species of bird depends on the position it occupies in these networks, increasing with the number and [...]

(Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) - An online study involving 154 volunteers measured the importance of visual cues to communication for people with normal hearing and hearing loss. The use of transparent masks during communication increases comprehension of speech by about 10% for people with hearing loss and people with normal hearing, according to a study in the journal Ear and Hearing. The study was conducted at the University of Texas in [...]

A study conducted in the Una Biological Reserve in the state of Bahia, Brazil, shows that in a habitat with high hunting pressure the risk of predation has such a significant impact on the behavior of the Yellow-breasted capuchin monkey Sapajus xanthosternos that it even avoids areas offering an abundant supply of plant biomass and invertebrates, its main sources of food. A study conducted in the Una Biological Reserve in the state of Bahia, Brazil, shows that in a habitat with high hunting [...]

(Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) The discovery, made possible by a partnership between a research group and a startup in São Paulo state (Brazil), could lead to novel treatments for intracranial hypertension and its complications, such as stroke. Brazilian researchers have simultaneously demonstrated the mechanism linking high blood pressure to elevated intracranial pressure, validated a non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring [...]

(Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) Renowned scientists sharing their research and clinical practice will take part at the webinar. They will tackle the patients' evolving clinical conditions and the challenges of dealing with the subacute phase. The long and post-acute effects of COVID-19 will be the theme of the next FAPESP COVID-19 webinar that will be held on June 2nd. COVID-19 is a novel disease which is revealing unprecedented [...]

(Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) The study was conducted in a Brazilian national park and was based on analysis of tree rings in the species Amburana cearensis, as well as satellite images. Several indicators point to the adverse impacts of climate change on the planet’s vegetation, but a little-known positive fact is the existence of climate-change refugia in which trees are far less affected by the gradual rise in temperatures and [...]

The extreme drought suffered by the Pantanal in 2019-20, considered the worst in the last 50 years, was caused by natural climate conditions similar to those underlying the 2014-16 water crisis in São Paulo state. The Pantanal is one of the world’s largest wetlands. The Brazilian portion is located in the Center-West region, mainly Mato Grosso do Sul state. The 2019-20 extreme drought was studied by researchers affiliated with the Natural Disaster Surveillance and Early Warning [...]