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Enzyme cocktail developed in Brazil powers production of second-generation ethanol
Publicado em 18 de agosto de 2020
Researchers at the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) have genetically engineered a fungus to produce a cocktail of enzymes that break down the carbohydrates in biomass, such as sugarcane trash (tops and leaves) and bagasse, into fermentable sugar for industrially efficient conversion into biofuel.
The development of low-cost enzyme cocktails is one of the main challenges in producing second-generation ethanol.
Second-generation biofuels are manufactured from [...]
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Wearable sensors printed on natural materials analyze substances present in sweat
Publicado em 17 agosto 2020A wearable sensor printed on microbial nanocellulose, a natural polymer, has been created in Brazil by researchers at the University of São Paulo (USP) in São Carlos in collaboration with colleagues at São Paulo State University (UNESP) in Araraquara, the University of Araraquara (UNIARA), the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and the Brazilian National Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNNano). The skin-adherent sensor is an improved substitute for conventional sensors printed [...]ver notícia -
Group produces materials via self-organization in chemical systems
Publicado em 12 agosto 2020Entirely novel materials and known materials alike can be produced by means of self-organization in chemical systems. Applications range from sensors and batteries to fuel cells, among other technological possibilities. Achieving a deeper understanding and control of the processes involved is the goal of the Campinas Electrochemistry Group (CampEG), affiliated with the University of Campinas’s Institute of Chemistry (IQ-UNICAMP) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and led by Raphael [...]ver notícia -
Researchers explore pollen fertilization mechanisms
Publicado em 12 agosto 2020A group of researchers from four countries has worked out exactly how a pollen tube, the plant cell that emerges from a grain of pollen, grows up to a thousand-fold to reach an ovule deep inside the flower. The key to this growth is an inflow and outflow of protons that creates electrical activity at the cell membrane and makes the cell grow. The results of the study will help scientists understand an array of related phenomena, such as seed production, the growth of fungi, and even how neurons [...]ver notícia -
Oxytocin can help prevent osteoporosis
Publicado em 11 agosto 2020Oxytocin, produced by the hypothalamus and sometimes known as the "love hormone" for its involvement in pair bonding and orgasm, can be a strong ally in the control and prevention of osteoporosis, according to a study by scientists at São Paulo State University (UNESP) in Brazil. The study showed that when administered to female rats at the end of their fertile period, the hormone reversed precursors of osteoporosis, such as reduced bone density, decreased bone strength and a [...]ver notícia -
An inventory providing information on more than 200 viruses that infect plants in Brazil
Publicado em 05 agosto 2020A Brazilian scientist has produced an inventory of 219 pathogens that infect plants in Brazil, including many agriculturally important species. The annotated list, published in Biota Neotropica, is the largest compilation of information on plant viruses ever produced in Brazil. It presents descriptions of the microorganisms, data on the diseases they cause, and information on their occurrence in native, cultivated and ornamental plants as well as weeds. “Since the start of my career, [...]ver notícia -
Photodynamic therapy can combat secondary infections in COVID-19 patients.
Publicado em 05 agosto 2020Photodynamic therapy can be an efficient ally to combat secondary infections in COVID-19 patients. Use of the technique, which combines light and a photosensitizing chemical substance to kill microorganisms in the respiratory tract, is advocated as a complementary treatment in a feature published in Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy and written by researchers affiliated with the Optics and Photonics Research Center (CEPOF ) in São Carlos, state of São Paulo, [...]ver notícia -
Machine Learning Makes Drug Repurposing for Psychiatric Disorders more Effective
Publicado em 03 agosto 2020São Paulo, Brazil — Artificial intelligence can increase the effectiveness of drug repositioning or repurposing research, according to a study published in Translational Psychiatry. In the study, which was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP, Brazilian researchers correlated information on genes associated with psychiatric and neurological disorders and drugs approved for use in treating other diseases that might potentially inhibit or activate these [...]ver notícia -
Genetically similar fungi cause severe infections in different hospitals
Publicado em 29 julho 2020A group of researchers from Brazil, Denmark, Italy and Spain analyzed 884 samples of fungi of the genus Candida collected from 16 hospitals and found a significant number of clusters in more than one hospital. Clusters are groups of fungal isolates with identical DNA sequences. The discovery may point to the presence of more virulent and drug-resistant varieties. The study, published in the journal Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, was supported by São Paulo Research [...]ver notícia -
Oldest South American fossil lizard discovered in Brazil
Publicado em 28 julho 2020Fossil remains of a novel species of lizard that lived more than 130 million years ago have been found in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It has been named Neokotus sanfranciscanus and is the oldest representative of the order Squamata ever found in South America. Squamates are the largest reptile group, comprising lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians (worm lizards). The discovery shows that scaled lizards were present on the continent at least 20 million years earlier than previously [...]ver notícia