An article published in the International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction discusses Amazon Rainforest wildfire governance with local community participation in the so-called tri-national border region between Madre de Dios in Peru, Acre state in North Brazil, and Pando, one of Bolivia's nine departments.
60% of participants considered deforestation the main factor contributing to wildfires in the Amazon, followed by the use of burning in agricultural management (58%) and drought (39%).
Wildfires and burnings in the Amazon are costly to the SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde, Brazil's national health service) Public hospitals and clinics in the region spent BRL 1 billion on the treatment of patients with respiratory disorders due to exposure to smoke from forest fires.
Municipal civil defense units in Brazil are staffed by one or two people, mostly as political appointments and without professional valorization.
Funding for disaster prevention and risk management does not feature in the budgets of most municipalities.