Consuming large amounts of ultra-processed foods (UPF) significantly increases the risk of early death, according to a new international study led by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, as reported by The Guardian. The research highlights a strong correlation between higher UPF intake and premature mortality, prompting global concern over the health impacts of such foods.
The study, published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, analyzed dietary and mortality data from eight countries, including the US, England, and Brazil, and found that every 10% increase in UPF consumption raises the risk of dying before the age of 75 by 3%. Ultra-processed foods, such as packaged bread, cakes, and ready meals, are linked to one in seven premature deaths in some countries.
Lead investigator Eduardo Augusto Fernandes Nilson explained that the harmful effects stem from the industrial processing of UPFs, which often contain high levels of fat, salt, and sugar, as well as additives like sweeteners, flavorings, and emulsifiers.
The study revealed that the proportion of early deaths attributed to UPF consumption varies by country. England recorded the highest rate, with 13.8% of premature deaths linked to UPF intake. The United States followed closely at 13.7%, with Canada at 10.9%.
In contrast, lower rates were observed in Colombia (4%), Brazil (5%), and Chile (6%). Researchers noted that the death rates correlate strongly with the share of total energy intake derived from UPFs. For example, in England, 53.4% of dietary energy comes from ultra-processed foods, while in the US, the figure is even higher at 54.5%.
Nilson emphasized that UPFs harm health not only through poor nutritional content but also through their industrial nature, with the processing methods and chemical additives used contributing significantly to the increased mortality risk.
Calls for global action to regulate ultra-processed foods
While high-income countries currently bear the greatest burden, the study warns that low- and middle-income nations are also facing rising health risks from ultra-processed food consumption.
The researchers called for stronger public health measures, including restricting marketing, improving food labeling, and promoting healthier diets to reduce reliance on UPFs. Although the study shows a correlation rather than direct causation, it adds to growing evidence linking UPFs to diseases like cancer and cardiovascular conditions, as well as early death.
Earlier research, including a study published in The BMJ, supports these findings, noting that those who consume the most ultra-processed foods face a higher risk of mortality, especially from causes other than cancer or heart disease.
A spokesperson from the Department of Health and Social Care stated that current measures aim to curb unhealthy food advertising to children and empower local councils to limit fast-food outlets near schools. The department is also commissioning further research into the health effects of UPFs as part of broader efforts to focus on prevention and reduce obesity-related pressures on public services.