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A move towards a more sustainable bio-based economy has been given a new boost by researchers who have been able to simplify a process to transform waste materials into high value chemicals. A collaboration between the UK and Brazil has shown that waste sugar cane and wheat straw from agricultural processes can be made directly into valuable chemicals with an increase in value of 5000-fold. Unlike fossil fuels, biofuels are renewable. Rather than relying on crude oil, which is in finite [...]

Repercussão de notícia produzida pela Agência FAPESP sobre dados do Observatório de Remoções apresentados na FAPESP Week France pela pesquisadora Paula Santoro, da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da USP. O Observatório é uma plataforma colaborativa entre a FAU-USP, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) e a Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) que faz o monitoramento de despejos e deslocamentos forçados na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo desde 2012

The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system always tends to increase over time until it reaches a maximum. In other words, disorganization increases without outside intervention. Even the best electrical equipment inevitably heats up, as part of the energy that should be converted into mechanical work is dissipated in the form of heat, and supposedly inanimate objects deteriorate as time progresses but do not spontaneously regenerate. However, this [...]

Machines can be trained to classify images and thus identify tumors in CT scans, mineral compositions in rocks, or pathologies in optical microscopy analyses. This artificial intelligence technique is known as machine learning and has gained new applications in recent years. Machine training is carried out via the repetition of images used as examples of a particular context or situation and the adequate preparation of that material requires the effort of experts from a variety of areas. The [...]

Brazil is the world's largest producer of niobium and holds about 98% of the active reserves on the planet. This chemical element is used in metal alloys, especially high-strength steel, and in an almost unlimited array of high-tech applications from cell phones to aircraft engines. Brazil exports most of the niobium it produces in the form of commodities such as ferroniobium. Another substance Brazil also has in copious quantities but underuses is glycerol, a byproduct of oil and fat [...]

France is one of the main international partners in research projects supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), which has cooperation agreements with 15 French funding agencies, universities, research institutions and companies. More than 120 research projects have been approved under the auspices of these agreements. To celebrate the partnership and stimulate new collaborations in the most diverse knowledge areas, FAPESP Week France will be held on November 21-27, 2019, [...]

The common phase transitions are those that occur as a function of temperature variation. Ice changes phase to become liquid water at 0 °C. Liquid water changes phase to become water vapor at 100 °C. Similarly, magnetic materials become nonmagnetic at critical temperatures. However, there are also phase transitions that do not depend on temperature. They occur in the vicinity of absolute zero [-273.15 °C] and are associated with quantum fluctuations. A study involving experiments [...]

HOUSTON – (Nov. 13, 2019) – A lightweight material full of holes is nearly as hard as diamond. The mere dents left by speeding bullets prove it. Researchers at Rice University’s Brown School of Engineering and their colleagues are testing polymers based on tubulanes, theoretical structures of crosslinked carbon nanotubes predicted to have extraordinary strength. The Rice lab of materials scientist Pulickel Ajayan found tubulanes can be mimicked as scaled-up, 3D-printed [...]

Flexible electronics is one of the most important trends in technology today. The market is growing so fast that it is expected to double in value in the next decade. Extremely light and even bendable optoelectronic equipment that supplies, detects and controls light will become commonplace in the near future. A great deal of research is progressing in this direction, as exemplified by a paper recently published in Scientific Reports. The paper describes an experimental and theoretical study [...]