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“It tells T lymphocytes [a type of white blood cell] to stop responding to infection after a time so that the response is not excessive. In cases of cancer, sepsis and severe COVID-19, however, PD-1 makes T cells stop functioning even before the disease has been resolved and must therefore be blocked,” said Pedro Moraes-Vieira, one of the leaders of the study. Moraes-Vieira is a professor at the State University of Campinas’s Institute of Biology (IB-UNICAMP) in So Paulo, [...]

Besides aspergillosis, the disease caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, co-infections concurrently with COVID-19 are caused by two other groups. Fungi of the order Mucorales are responsible for mucormycosis, which occurs mainly in India and Pakistan, while yeasts of the genus Candida cause candidiasis and are present practically the world over. “Patients with this co-infection are twice as likely to die as patients infected only by SARS-CoV-2,” Martin Hoenigl, first author [...]

COPD patients were found to exhibit a number of changes linked to immunosenescence, especially a reduction in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which are key elements of the immune system. The study involved 92 individuals divided into four groups: COPD patients (21), smokers without evidence of lung disease (22), healthy older subjects (29), and young adults (20). After analyzing blood samples from all four groups to detect seven markers associated with late differentiation, senescence, and exhaustion [...]

Several neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia have been linked to mutations in Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4), an essential gene in brain development. Transcription factors regulate when other genes are turned on or off, so their presence, or lack thereof, can have a domino effect in the developing embryo. Still, little is known about what happens to the human brain when TCF4 is mutated. To explore this question, researchers [...]

Several neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia have been linked to mutations in Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4), an essential gene in brain development. Transcription factors regulate when other genes are turned on or off, so their presence, or lack thereof, can have a domino effect in the developing embryo. Still, little is known about what happens to the human brain when TCF4 is mutated. To explore this question, researchers [...]

It is considered a pre-clinical transition stage toward incapacity, appearing before difficulties are experienced with everyday activities such as using public transport, shopping, doing housework, cooking, bathing, getting dressed, and taking meals. Early diagnosis could help prevent older people from becoming unable to perform these day-to-day tasks. A study was conducted at the Federal University of So Carlos (UFSCar) in Brazil to find the feasible signs that indicate a functional [...]

“Research has shown that Parkinson’s is often diagnosed late and that it may originate much earlier in the enteric nervous system [which controls gastrointestinal motility], before advancing to the brain via autonomic fibers,” Matheus de Castro Fonseca, principal investigator for the study, told Agência FAPESP. Fonseca is currently doing postdoctoral research on the subject at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in the United States. Recent publications [...]

They divided participants in the study into three groups according to the amount of ultra-processed foods consumed. When they compared those with the highest level (64% of the total diet by weight on average) with those with the lowest level (18.5%), they found that the former were 45% more likely to be obese, 52% more likely to have abdominal obesity (excess fat around the waist) and, most alarmingly, 63% more likely to have visceral obesity (excess fat on and around the abdominal organs, [...]

It’s not easy to be sure that drugs and supplements with twisted — or chiral — structures are turning in the correct direction. Now, twirling infrared light can probe both the structures of molecular crystals and their twists, research led by the University of Michigan has shown. The researchers hope that the technique could also help diagnose harmful accumulations of twisted molecules in the body, including bladder stones, insulin fibrils and amyloid aggregations such as [...]