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A team of physicists from the University of Sao Paulo (USP) in Brazil has introduced a new theoretical framework that could advance the search for dark matter by focusing on inelastic particles that interact with ordinary matter through a novel type of force carrier. Their study, published in the Journal of High Energy Physics, proposes a model involving a massive vector boson that enables interaction between dark and visible matter. "Dark matter constitutes roughly 27% of the universe, [...]

Researchers at the Tupa campus of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) have introduced a new geospatial intelligence method designed to improve the speed and precision of land use monitoring and territorial planning. The approach successfully delineates key landscape features, such as Amazon rainforest, Cerrado vegetation, pastures, and areas of intensive agriculture with double-cropping systems. This innovation holds significant promise for advancing agricultural policy and environmental [...]

Brazilian researchers have introduced a thought-provoking perspective on a long-standing debate among physicists: how many fundamental constants are required to describe the universe? Their conclusion - just one, the "second" - could simplify how we understand physical measurements. The study, published in Scientific Reports, was conducted by George Matsas and Vicente Pleitez from Sao Paulo State University (IFT-UNESP), Alberto Saa from the State University of Campinas [...]

Around 800 million years ago, Earth was teeming with a greater diversity of life than classical theories suggest. A new study from Brazilian researchers has shed light on this period, revealing that various lineages of species, including the ancestors of algae, fungi, plants, and animals, were already present. The research findings, published in 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS)', challenge the traditional understanding of [...]

BATON ROUGE, La. — Humans began farming thousands of years ago, but a new study co-authored by two LSU professors says ants had us beat by millions of years. LSU AgCenter mycologist Vinson P. Doyle and LSU Department of Biological Sciences professor Brant C. Faircloth lent their combined expertise to a study led by Smithsonian Institution entomologist Ted Schultz, which demonstrates that ants began farming fungi after an asteroid struck Earth 66 million years ago, causing a global mass [...]

Paris (AFP) – Wildfires made more frequent and intense by climate change released significant quantities of CO2 into the air in 2023-2024, said a first-of-its-kind annual study published Wednesday. Fires in natural areas caused 8.6 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions worldwide between March 2023 and February 2024 -- 16 percent above average. Only a relatively calm fires season in the African savannah prevented the 2023-2024 season from breaking a fresh record for CO2 emissions at the [...]

For nearly a century, the idea that the Universe is expanding has captivated scientists and the public alike. Originating from Georges Lemaitre's 1927 theory and substantiated by Edwin Hubble's observations of celestial redshifts, this concept has dramatically evolved. The modern understanding of universe expansion took a significant turn in 1998 with the discovery that this expansion is not just occurring, but accelerating, propelled by what is now known as dark energy. This dark [...]

Researchers from the Department of Physics at Sao Paulo State University's Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences (IGCE-UNESP) in Rio Claro, Brazil, have made a significant stride in the field of quantum computing. Their recent study, focused on quantum entanglement, not only proposes a novel method for its quantification but also identifies conditions for its maximization. Quantum entanglement, a cornerstone in quantum physics, is essential for the optimization and efficiency of [...]

Gas exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean are a key part of the carbon cycle, playing a vital role in climate regulation and maintenance of the planet's ecological equilibrium. The oceans are thought to absorb roughly a third of all the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by humanity. Understanding the complex processes involved in this gas exchange is therefore extremely important, especially in the context of the global climate crisis. A new study discusses the processes that [...]