Jairo Kenupp Bastos first heard in regards to the insect whereas visiting Canavieiras on the south coast of Bahia, a state in the Northeast of Brazil. “Local beekeepers told me about a tiny beetle that made holes in a plant called Dalbergia ecastaphyllum [Coinvine], a member of the pea family, and that the holes leaked a resin used by bees to make red propolis,” mentioned Bastos, a professor of pharmacognosy (the research of medicine remoted from pure sources, resembling crops, animals and minerals) on the University of São Paulo’s Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCFRP-USP) in Brazil.
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) harvest the resin and mix it with wax, pollen and enzymes to make red propolis, the second most generally produced and marketed kind of propolis in Brazil. Its red shade derives from the resin. It has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.
To perceive extra in regards to the course of, Bastos took a number of larvae of the beetle to the Zoology Museum in São Paulo metropolis, the place he was informed that grownup specimens have been wanted to identify the insect correctly. He invited Ph.D. candidate Letizia Migliore to hold out the mission by going into the countryside outdoors Canavieiras in search of the plant with its beetles. She was accompanied by Gianfranco Curletti, an entomologist affiliated with the Civic Museum of Natural History in Carmagnola, Italy; Gari Ccana-Ccapatinta, a postdoctoral fellow at FCFRP-USP; and Jean Carvalho, a biologist and beekeeper who lives in Canavieiras.
“The beetle is very small, so it was no easy task, but we managed to collect a few males and females, which were fixed in ethanol at 70% and taken to the museum, where they were analyzed under a microscope. This is how we discovered this new species in the family Buprestidae, which was named Agrilus propolis,” Migliore recalled.
Curletti, Gabriel Biffi and Sônia Casari, head of the museum’s Coleoptera Lab and Migliore’s supervisor, additionally took half.
“In parallel with this, phytochemical analysis was performed in the Pharmacognosy Lab [at FCFRP-USP] to confirm that the resin and propolis had the same chemical composition, proving their botanical origin and showing that this new species of beetle contributes to the production of the medicinal substance,” mentioned Ccana-Ccapatinta, who’s a member of Bastos’s workforce.
Transformation
The two teams’ mixed analysis presents an outline of the method. Beetle larvae develop inside stems of D. ecastaphyllum, and on reaching maturity emerge by way of holes, along with the resinous exudate.
The researchers’ findings are reported in an article printed in The Science of Nature.
“The article is extremely important because it shows that the agent that induces the host plant to produce the key ingredient in red propolis has finally been identified. Until now we had no information on the species of insect that could be behind this phenomenon,” Casari mentioned, including that the information serves as a foundation for additional analysis on the production of red propolis, which sells for a excessive worth and due to this fact has financial significance. A kilo was value USD 150 available on the market in 2019, when the analysis was performed.
More info:
Letizia J. Migliore et al, A brand new species of jewel beetle (Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Agrilus) triggers the production of the Brazilian red propolis, The Science of Nature (2022). DOI: 10.1007/s00114-022-01785-x
Citation:
Scientists identify beetle that triggers production of red propolis in Brazil (2022, May 27)
retrieved 27 May 2022
from https://phys.org/news/2022-05-scientists-beetle-triggers-production-red.html
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