Magnetizing a fabric with out making use of an exterior magnetic subject is proposed by researchers at São Paulo State College (UNESP), Brazil, in an article revealed within the journal Scientific Reviews, the place they element the experimental method used to realize this objective.
The examine was a part of the Ph.D. analysis pursued by Lucas Squillante beneath the supervision of Mariano de Souza, a professor at UNESP’s Division of Physics in Rio Claro. Contributions had been additionally made by Isys Mello, one other Ph.D. candidate supervised by Souza, and Antonio Seridonio, a professor at UNESP’s Division of Physics and Chemistry in Ilha Solteira. The group was supported by FAPESP.
“Very briefly put, magnetization happens when a salt is compressed adiabatically, with out exchanging warmth with the exterior atmosphere,” Souza advised. “Compression raises the temperature of the salt and on the similar time rearranges its particles’ spins. Because of this, the overall entropy of the system stays fixed and the system stays magnetized on the finish of the method.”
To assist perceive the phenomenon, it’s value recalling the fundamentals of spin and entropy.
Spin is a quantum property that makes elementary particles (quarks, electrons, photons, and so forth.), compound particles (protons, neutrons, mesons, and so forth.) and even atoms and molecules behave like tiny magnets, pointing north or south—up spin and down spin—when submitted to a magnetic subject.
“Paramagnetic supplies like aluminum, which is a steel, are magnetized solely when an exterior magnetic subject is utilized. Ferromagnetic supplies, together with iron, could show finite magnetization even within the absence of an utilized magnetic subject as a result of they’ve magnetic domains,” Souza defined.
Entropy is principally a measure of accessible configurations or states of the system. The larger the variety of accessible states, the larger the entropy. Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906), utilizing a statistical method, related the entropy of a system, which is a macroscopic magnitude, with the variety of doable microscopic configurations that represent its macrostate. “Within the case of a paramagnetic materials, entropy embodies a distribution of chances that describes the variety of up spins or down spins within the particles it comprises,” Souza stated.
Within the lately revealed examine, a paramagnetic salt was compressed in a single course. “Software of uniaxial stress reduces the quantity of the salt. As a result of the method is performed with none change of warmth with the atmosphere, compression produces an adiabatic rise within the temperature of the fabric. An increase in temperature means an increase in entropy. To maintain whole entropy within the system fixed, there should be a part of native discount in entropy that offsets the rise in temperature. Because of this, the spins are inclined to align, resulting in magnetization of the system,” Souza stated.
The overall entropy of the system stays fixed, and adiabatic compression ends in magnetization. “Experimentally, adiabatic compression is achieved when the pattern is compressed for much less time than is required for thermal leisure—the everyday time taken by the system to change warmth with the atmosphere,” Souza stated.
The researchers additionally suggest that the adiabatic rise in temperature may very well be used to research different interacting methods, reminiscent of Bose-Einstein condensates in magnetic insulators, and dipolar spin-ice methods.
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Extra info:
Lucas Squillante et al, Elastocaloric-effect-induced adiabatic magnetization in paramagnetic salts as a result of mutual interactions, Scientific Reviews (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88778-4
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Researchers suggest a technique of magnetizing a fabric with out making use of an exterior magnetic subject (2021, July 29)
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