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Call it a shock discovery: DNA research has revealed two entirely new species of electric eel in the Amazon basin, including one capable of delivering a record-breaking jolt. The findings are evidence, researchers say, of the incredible diversity in the Amazon rainforest — much of it still unknown to science — and illustrate why it is so important to protect a habitat at risk from deforestation, logging and fires. “In spite of all human impact on the Amazon rainforest in the [...]

An article published in Scientific reports describes how researchers affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FM-USP) in Brazil and colleagues from institutions in Europe have evaluated the behaviors leading to weight gain in adolescents. Childhood obesity can promote the premature emergence of health problems such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The main finding is that skipping breakfast, a common teenage habit, is directly correlated to [...]

The anemone tube Isarachnanthus nocturnus It is only 15 cm long but has the largest mitochondrial genome of all animals sequenced to date, with 80,923 base pairs. The mitochondrial human genome (mitogenome), for example, comprises 16,569 base pairs. Tubular anemones (Ceriantharia) are the subject of an article recently published in Scientific reports describing the results of a study conducted by Sérgio Nascimento Stampar, professor at the Faculty of Sciences and Letters of the State [...]

In addition to causing significant damage to human health, air pollutionalso keeps the growth of trees, one of the elements they canmitigate this typical urban ecological problem. Researchers at the University of Sao Paulo (USP) in Brazilshow that atmospheric pollutants limit the growth of trees and the ecosystemtree-supplied services such as filtering of absorption pollutionmetals in the air in the bark, CO2 absorption, heat reductionisland effect by reducing solar radiation, mitigating [...]

Brazilian and US researchers have developed a molecule called FRW that, in tests with mice, proved capable of binding to blood vessels in the brain but not in other organs when injected into the bloodstream. They used the technique to produce the first ever complete map of the vasculature of the brain, paving the way for the creation of novel diagnostic imaging strategies and therapies for diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The research was supported by São Paulo [...]

In an article published in the journal Infectious diseases of SCA, Brazilian researchers describe the mechanism of bactericidal action of purplishin, a purple pigment produced by environmental bacteria, especially Chromobacterium violaceum. According to the study's authors, the substance targets the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, mainly affecting gram-positive bacteria such as those of the genera. Streptococcus, enterococcus and Listeria. Its various biological activities include the [...]

Brazilian researchers have identified strong signs of a giant object in the constellation Swan orbiting the binary system of a living star and a white dwarf. Credit: Leandro Almeida Over the last three decades, nearly 4,000 planetary-like objects have been discovered in orbit around isolated stars located outside the solar system (exoplanets). As of 2011, it was possible to use NASA's Kepler Space Telescope to observe the first exoplanets orbiting young binary systems of two living stars with [...]

The disappearance of amphibians? The rapid spread of the disease is a risk in our interconnected world. The chytrid mushroom Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was identified among amphibian populations about 20 years ago and has caused death and extinction of species globally. Scheele et al. found that the fungus had caused a decline in amphibian populations everywhere except at its origin in Asia (see Perspective of Greenberg and Palen). The majority of species and populations are still [...]

Although neglected diseases account for 11% of the global disease burden, they are targeted by only a small proportion of the new drugs developed every year. Between January 2012 and September 2018, a total of 256 new drugs entered the market, but only eight (3.1%) were designed to treat neglected diseases. This value exceeds the proportion for 1975-99, which was 1.1%, but falls short of the 4.3% mark recorded for 2000-11. The term “neglected diseases” refers to malaria, diarrheic [...]