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Craniofacial bone defects, resulting from trauma, congenital conditions, or surgical interventions, represent a major challenge in reconstructive surgery. While autogenous grafts are a common solution, they are often constrained by donor site morbidity and limited availability. These drawbacks have sparked a drive to develop synthetic grafts that closely mimic the complex structure and function of natural bone. The rise of advanced bioceramic materials, combined with additive manufacturing (AM) [...]

A recent study conducted by researchers in Brazil has demonstrated the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in treating halitosis among mouth-breathing children. This approach employs blue light targeting annatto colorant, an orange-reddish pigment derived from the seeds of Bixa orellana (commonly known as achiote or urucum), a shrub native to tropical regions of the Americas. The study highlights the feasibility of using this simple and cost-effective technique to combat [...]

Pain afflicts at least 1.5 billion people worldwide, and despite the availability of various painkilling drugs, not all forms of pain are treatable. Moreover, pain medications can have side-effects such as dependence and tolerance, especially in the case of morphine and other opioids. In search of novel painkillers, researchers at Butantan Institute’s Special Pain and Signaling Laboratory (LEDS) in São Paulo, Brazil, studied TRPV1, a sensory neuron receptor that captures noxious [...]

Proven to protect against a wide array of diseases, exercise may be the most powerful anti-aging intervention known to science. However, while physical activity can improve health during aging, its beneficial effects inevitably decline. The cellular mechanisms underlying the relationship among exercise, fitness and aging remain poorly understood. In a paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center investigated the role of one [...]

Vitamin D plays an important role in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus absorption by the organism. It also helps keep the brain and immune system working. Researchers at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) in Brazil and University College London (UCL) in the United Kingdom have now shown that vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of dynapenia in older people by 78%. Dynapenia is an age-associated loss of muscle strength. It can be partially explained by muscle [...]

The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of gray matter over the hemispheres. It is the largest site of neural integration in the central nervous system and plays a key role in complex functions A Brazilian study published in the journal PNAS describes some of the effects infection by SARS-CoV-2 can have on the central nervous system. A preliminary version (not yet peer-reviewed) posted in 2020 was one of the first to show that the virus that causes COVID-19 can [...]

The banana borer Cosmopolites sordidus and the disease Fusarium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum, are among the most harmful pests that threaten the livelihoods of banana growers, who face major challenges in attempting to control them. The former is a species of weevil that bores into the plant’s rhizome (the underground stem that produces roots and shoots), weakening its root system, reducing nutrient absorption and significantly lowering yield. The adult insect [...]

A study by Brazilian researchers analyzed risk factors and found that reducing smoking prevented most deaths from cardiovascular disease.

Patients with the most severe post-Covid smell and taste disorders are likely to perform worst in cognitive tests, especially when these involve memory. Patients with the most severe post-Covid smell and taste disorders are likely to perform worst in cognitive tests, especially when these involve memory, finds a study strengthens the hypothesis that loss of smell could be an early sign of the impending onset of Alzheimer's disease. In the study, a group of Brazilian [...]