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Between 600 and 1,500 years ago, Indigenous people of the seasonally flooded savannas in the Bolivian Amazon created an advanced farming system that allowed them to grow corn throughout the year, according to a study published in Nature. These findings challenge what researchers know about early farming in South America. A team of researchers led by Umberto Lombardo from the Autonomous University of Barcelona found evidence that the Casarabe culture, whose people lived in the Llanos de Moxos [...]

A frog smaller than a pencil eraser has hopped into the record books as the one of the smallest vertebrates known to science. Researchers formally described the species in late October 2024 after encountering it in the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil’s São Paulo state. At a length of 6.95 millimeters (0.27 inches), Brachycephalus dacnis has given scientists a new appreciation of just how small vertebrates can get. The only known frog smaller than this, found in February 2024 [...]

Ant queens practice a grim but effective form of childcare, eating their own sick larvae to recycle them into new, healthier eggs. A new study shows that by consuming their infected offspring, the queens protect the rest of their colonies from deadly infections while boosting their egg production with the influx of nutrients. Researchers behind the study infected larvae with a type of insect-killing fungus from the genus Metarhizium. The fungus isn’t immediately contagious, so the ant [...]

Forest degradation — access roads, selective logging, fires, natural disturbances — is having a far greater impact on reducing carbon storage in the southern Brazilian Amazon than deforestation, according to a new study that has produced some of the most precise findings of changes in carbon stocks in a critically important region of the tropics. In real terms, forest degradation reduced carbon storage in the study area five times more than deforestation, a finding not currently [...]

The Atlantic Forest, located along Brazil’s southern coast, has been in dire straits for decades, with expanding cities and agriculture leaving only a small fraction of the forest standing today. But the situation might be even worse than previously thought. Several thousand tree species in the forest are threatened with extinction, a new study has found. Over 80% of endemic tree species are at risk of going extinct — and that’s a conservative estimate, the researchers said. [...]