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Imaging the hot turbulence of aircraft propulsion systems may now be possible with sturdy sheets of composite materials that twist light beams, according to research led by the University of Michigan and Air Force Research Laboratory. The sheets were produced with a new manufacturing method that opens possibilities beyond aircraft design, as it enables new classes of materials to be used in polarization optics. While the team demonstrated high temperature tolerance, new mechanical, [...]

A mighty river is flowing out of the Amazon rainforest, and it's not the one you're thinking of. In the first kilometre above the forest canopy, a “flying river” is transporting moisture evaporated from Amazonian trees southwards along the Andes mountains towards Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in Brazil. Almost the entire state – an area larger than the UK – is currently affected by unprecedented floods. The flying river has acted like a firehose, [...]

The work makes it possible to tell the story of the fusion of genomes that gave rise to the world's most consumed species , as well as identifying genes responsible for resistance to rust and other diseases. Coffee is one of the world's most traded commodities, and Coffea arabica is the most widely consumed of the 130 or so species that exist. It is the result of the fusion of two other species: Coffea canephora (known in Brazil as Conilon or Robusta coffee) and Coffea eugenioides . [...]

Some plant species will “win” and others will “lose” as global warming forces them to move uphill, new research shows. Credit: Bruna Campos Some plant species will “win” and others will “lose” as global warming forces them to move uphill, new research shows. Scientists examined the current range of more than 7,000 plant species in Brazil's Cerrado savanna, and estimated shifts based on warming by 2040. The fate of plant species [...]