Wani irin ƙasa da ake kira terra preta da Amazônia , ko kuma Amazon dark earth (ADE), yana haɓaka girmar bishiyoyi da sauri kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar su ta hanyar inganci, in ji wata kasida ta buga a cikin mujallar Frontiers in Soil Science
Sakamakon binciken da aka ruwaito a cikin labarin ya samo asali ne daga binciken da FAPESP ya goyi bayan (ayyukan da kuma ) a ƙarƙashin aegis na Biodiversity, Characterization, Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable Use Program ( BIOTA
"ADE yana da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki kuma yana tallafawa al'ummomin microorganisms waɗanda ke taimakawa tsire-tsire su girma, da sauran abubuwa. 'Yan asalin ƙasar Amazon sun yi amfani da ADE don noman abinci tsawon ƙarni kuma ba sa buƙatar taki ga shuke-shuke, "in ji Luís Felipe Guandalin Zagatto , ɗalibin masters a Jami'ar São Paulo Cibiyar Makamashin Nukiliya a Aikin Noma (CENA-USP) a cikin Piracicaba, Brazil, kuma ɗaya daga cikin marubutan labarin.
Masu binciken sun gano microbiota (kwayoyin cuta, archaea, fungi da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta) a cikin ADE suna da matukar amfani ga ci gaban shuka. Ƙara ADE zuwa ƙasa ya haɓaka haɓakar nau'in bishiyar guda uku da suka tantance. Seedlings na Brazilian cedarwood ( Cedrela fissilis ) da Yellow poinciana ( Peltophorum dubium ) ya girma zuwa tsakanin sau biyu zuwa sau biyar na al'ada tsawo a cikin ƙasa tare da 20% ADE, kuma sau uku zuwa shida tare da 100% ADE, idan aka kwatanta da girma a cikin ƙasa mai sarrafawa. Ambay pumpwood ( Cecropia pachystachya ) bai yi girma ba a cikin ƙasa mai sarrafawa (ƙasa ba tare da ADE ba) amma ya bunƙasa a cikin 100% ADE.
Busasshiyar ciyawa ta Brachiaria ta ƙaru fiye da sau uku a cikin ƙasa tare da 20% ADE idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa mai sarrafawa, kuma fiye da kashi takwas cikin 100% ADE.
“Bakteriyar da ke cikin ADE suna canza wasu kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa zuwa abubuwan da tsire-tsire za su iya sha. Yin amfani da kwatankwacin rudimentary, za ka iya cewa ƙwayoyin cuta suna aiki a matsayin ƙananan 'masu dafa abinci' ta hanyar canza abubuwan da ba za a iya 'narkar da su' ta hanyar shuke-shuke zuwa abubuwan da za su iya samun riba mai yawa ba, "in ji Anderson Santos de Freitas , marubucin farko na labarin. Shi ɗan takarar PhD ne a CENA-USP kuma marubucin marubucin podcast Biotec em Pauta
ADE ya ƙunshi abubuwan gina jiki fiye da ƙasa mai sarrafawa: 30 fiye da phosphorus, misali, da sau uku zuwa biyar fiye da kowane nau'in sinadarai da aka auna, banda manganese. Hakanan yana da pH mafi girma.
Zagatto da abokan aiki sun tattara samfuran ADE a Filin gwaji na Caldeirão a cikin jihar Amazonas. Ƙasar sarrafa ta fito ne daga filayen noma na gwaji da Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ-USP) ke kula da shi a Piracicaba, jihar São Paulo.
Sun cika tukwane mai lita hudu 36 tare da kasa kilogiram 3 kowacce, sannan suka ajiye su a cikin wani greenhouse mai matsakaicin zafin jiki na 34 ° C, suna hasashen tasirin dumamar yanayi, saboda yanayin da ke Amazon a halin yanzu yana daga 22 ° C zuwa 28 ° C. .
Kashi uku na tukwane an cika su da ƙasa mai sarrafawa, na uku tare da cakuda 4: 1 na ƙasa mai sarrafawa da ADE, na uku kuma tare da 100% ADE. Don yin koyi da kiwo, sun dasa ciyawar Brachiaria forage grass ( Urochloa brizantha ) a cikin kowace tukunya, suna barin su suyi tsiro har tsawon kwanaki 60. Sai suka yanke ciyawar amma suka bar saiwar, suna yin kwatancen maido da gurbataccen kiwo ta hanyar shuka iri na nau'in bishiya uku.
Aikace-aikacen Biotech
Kungiyar ba ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da ADE kamar haka ba, in ji Zagatto, tunda yana da iyakacin albarkatu kuma yana da kariya sosai. Manufar binciken su shine nazarin abubuwan sinadarai na ADE (masu gina jiki, kwayoyin halitta da pH) da kuma ayyukan enzyme da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi halittu da kwayoyin halitta wadanda ke amfana da tsire-tsire.
"Muna buƙatar fahimtar ainihin waɗanne ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne ke da alhakin waɗannan tasirin, da kuma yadda za mu iya amfani da su ba tare da buƙatar ADE kamar haka ba. Za mu iya gwada, alal misali, don maimaita waɗannan halaye ta hanyar ci gaban fasahar kere kere. Wannan binciken ya kasance mataki na farko a wannan hanya,” inji shi.
Yanke daji babbar matsala ce ga Brazil, kuma ba kawai a cikin Amazon ba. Akwai dalilai da yawa, kamar maye gurbin daji ta wurin kiwo ko gonar noma, misali. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a nemo hanyoyin da za a maido da wadannan yankuna cikin sauri, ta yadda dazuzzukan za su ci gaba da bunkasuwa, kuma a ci gaba da ayyukan raya kasa, tare da dukkan alfanun da suke ba wa muhalli da yawan jama'a, gami da ka'idojin yanayin yanayi da iska, da kuma ajiyar carbon a cikin ƙasa.
"A cikin binciken, mun tashi don kimanta yiwuwar direban ingantawa don ayyukan gyaran muhalli na gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, musamman a cikin Amazon, ta yadda a nan gaba wadannan yankunan za su iya komawa kamar yadda zai yiwu zuwa asalinsu," in ji Zagarro. "Mun yi imanin cewa waɗannan sakamakon suna da ban sha'awa kuma suna nuna cewa yin amfani da halayen ADE a cikin samar da seedling ko ma kai tsaye a cikin filin na iya zama wata hanya don hanzarta dawo da yanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi."
Game da Gidauniyar Bincike ta Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
Gidauniyar Bincike ta São Paulo (FAPESP) wata cibiyar jama'a ce tare da manufar tallafawa binciken kimiyya a duk fannonin ilimi ta hanyar ba da tallafin karatu, abokan tarayya da tallafi ga masu binciken da ke da alaƙa da manyan makarantu da cibiyoyin bincike a cikin jihar São Paulo, Brazil. FAPESP tana sane da cewa mafi kyawun bincike na iya yin aiki tare da mafi kyawun masu bincike a duniya. Don haka, ta kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da hukumomin bayar da kuɗi, manyan makarantu, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyin bincike a wasu ƙasashe waɗanda aka sansu da ingancin bincikensu kuma suna ƙarfafa masana kimiyyar da ke ba da kuɗin tallafinta don ƙara haɓaka haɗin gwiwarsu na duniya. Kuna iya ƙarin koyo game da FAPESP a www.fapesp.br/en kuma ziyarci kamfanin dillancin labarai na FAPESP a www.agencia.fapesp.br/en don ci gaba da sabuntawa tare da sabbin ci gaban kimiyya FAPESP yana taimakawa ta hanyar shirye-shiryenta da yawa, lambobin yabo da cibiyoyin bincike. Hakanan kuna iya biyan kuɗi zuwa kamfanin dillancin labarai na FAPESP a http://agencia.fapesp.br/subscribe
Jarida
Gaba a Kimiyyar Ƙasa
DOI
10.3389 / ƙasa.2023.1161627
Taken Labari
Duhun duffai na Amazon yana haɓaka kafuwar nau'in bishiya a cikin maido da yanayin dajin
Ranar Buga Labari
5-Mayu-2023
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Source:
https://bioengineer.org/amazon-dark-earth-boosts-tree-growth-as-much-as-sixfold/