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Unsolved Mysteries & Paranormal Activities

DNA ea Luzio ea lilemo li 10,000 e rarolla ho nyamela ho makatsang ha lihahi tsa sambaqui. (119 notícias)

Publicado em 01 de agosto de 2023

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Phuputso e sa tsoa etsoa ea DNA e fihletse qeto ea hore masapo a khale ka ho fetisisa a motho a fumanehang São Paulo, Brazil, Luzio, a ka saloa morao ho bajaki ba pele ba Amerika lilemong tse ka bang 16,000 tse fetileng. Sehlopha sena sa batho se ile sa qetella se hlahisitse Matupi a mehleng ea kajeno.

Sengoliloeng sena se fana ka tlhaloso ea ho nyamela ha baahi ba khale ka ho fetisisa tikolohong ea lebopo la Brazil ba hahileng "sambaquis" e tsebahalang, e leng liqubu tse ngata tsa likhetla le masapo a litlhapi a sebelisoang joalo ka libaka tsa bolulo, mabitla le matšoao a meeli ea naha. Hangata baepolli ba lintho tsa khale ba re liqubu tsena ke liqubu tsa likhetla kapa li-middens tsa kichineng. Patlisiso e ipapisitse le sete e pharalletseng ka ho fetesisa ea data ea archaeological genomic ea Brazil.

Andre Menezes Strauss, moepolli oa lintho tsa khale bakeng sa MAE-USP le moetapele oa lipatlisiso, o ile a fana ka maikutlo a hore lihahi tsa sambaqui lebōpong la Atlantic e ne e le sehlopha sa batho se nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa Amerika Boroa pele ho bokolone ka mor'a tsoelo-pele ea Andes. Ka likete le lilemo, ba ne ba nkoa e le 'marena a lebōpong la leoatle', ho fihlela ba nyamela ka tšohanyetso lilemo tse ka bang 2,000 tse fetileng.

Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa mesaletsa ea 34, bonyane lilemo tse 10,000, tse tsoang libakeng tse 'nè tsa lebopo la Brazil li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka botlalo ke bangoli. Mesaletsa ena ea lintho tsa khale e nkiloe libakeng tse robeli: Cabeçuda, Capelinha, Cubatao, Limao, Jabuticabeira II, Palmeiras Xingu, Pedra do Alexandre le Vau Una, tse neng li akarelletsa sambaquis.

E etelletsoe pele ke Levy Figuti, moprofesa oa MAE-USP, sehlopha se fumane skeleton ea khale ka ho fetisisa Sao Paulo, Luzio, nokeng ea Capelinha bohareng ba phula ea Ribeira de Iguape. Lehata la eona le ne le tšoana le Luzia, e leng mesaletsa ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea batho e fumanoeng Amerika Boroa ho tla fihlela joale, eo ho hakanngoang hore e na le lilemo tse ka bang 13,000 14,000. Qalong, bafuputsi ba ne ba nahana hore e ne e tsoa ho batho ba fapaneng ho feta Ma-Amerindi a kajeno, a neng a lula Brazil lilemong tse ka bang tse fetileng, empa hamorao ho ile ha pakoa hore ke leshano.

Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa Luzio li bontšitse hore e ne e le Moindia oa Amerika, joalo ka Matupi, Sequechua, kapa Cherokee. Sena ha se bolele hore li tšoana ka ho feletseng, empa ho ea ka pono ea lefatše ka bophara, kaofela li tsoa leqhubung le le leng la ho falla le ileng la fihla Linaheng tsa Amerika lilemong tse fetang 16,000 30,000 tse fetileng. Strauss o boletse hore haeba ho ne ho e-na le baahi ba bang sebakeng seo lilemong tse tse fetileng, ha ea ka ea siea litloholo leha e le life har’a lihlopha tsena.

DNA ea Luzio e fane ka leseli mabapi le potso e 'ngoe. Li-Middens tsa noka ha li tšoane le tse lebopong la leoatle, kahoo ho sibolloa ho ke ke ha nkoa e le selelekela sa li-sambaquis tsa khale tse ileng tsa hlaha hamorao. Tšenolo ena e bontša hore ho ne ho e-na le mafapha a mabeli a arohaneng - ho kena ka hare ho naha le haufi le lebōpo la leoatle.

Ho ile ha etsahala'ng ka baqapi ba sambaqui? Tlhahlobo ea lintlha tsa lefutso e senotse batho ba sa tšoaneng ba nang le likarolo tsa setso tse arolelanoang empa ho na le phapang e kholo ea likokoana-hloko, haholo-holo pakeng tsa baahi ba libaka tse lebōpong la leoatle ka boroa-bochabela le boroa.

Strauss o hlokometse hore liphuputso tsa cranial morphology lilemong tsa bo-2000 li se li hlahisitse phapang e poteletseng lipakeng tsa lichaba tsena, e neng e tšehelitsoe ke tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ho ile ha fumaneha hore palo ea baahi ba lebopong ba ne ba sa arohanngoa, empa khafetsa ba ne ba fapanyetsana liphatsa tsa lefutso le lihlopha tse ka hare ho naha. Ts'ebetso ena e tlameha ebe e ntse e etsahala ka lilemo tse likete 'me ho nahanoa hore e bakile mefuta e fapaneng ea libaka tsa sambaquis.

Ha ho batlisisoa ka ho nyamela ho makatsang ha sechaba sena sa maoatle, se neng se entsoe ka litsomi le babokelli ba pele ba Holocene, lisampole tsa DNA tse hlahlobiloeng li bonts'itse hore, ho fapana le tloaelo ea Europe ea Neolithic ea ho tlosa batho kaofela, se etsahetseng sebakeng sena e ne e le phetoho ea meetlo, e kenyelletsang ho fokotseha ha kaho ea likhetla tsa middens le ho eketsoa ha lipitsa tsa letsopa ke lihahi tsa sambaqui. Ka mohlala, liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fumanoang Galheta IV (e sebakeng sa Santa Catarina) - sebaka se tsotehang ka ho fetisisa ho tloha nakong ena - se ne se se na likhetla, empa ho e-na le li-ceramics, 'me se bapisoa le sambaquis ea khale tabeng ena.

Strauss o boletse hore liphetho tsa phuputso ea 2014 mabapi le likotoana tsa letsopa tse tsoang li-sambaquis li ne li lumellana le maikutlo a hore lipitsa li ne li sebelisetsoa ho pheha litlhapi, ho e-na le meroho e ruuoang lapeng. O ile a totobatsa kamoo baahi ba sebaka seo ba ileng ba sebelisa mokhoa o tsoang ka hare ho naha oa ho lokisa lijo tsa bona tsa setso.

Thuto e ile ea hatisoa qalong koranteng Nature ka July 31, 2023.