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Unsolved Mysteries & Paranormal Activities

DNA-da Luzio oo 10,000 jir ah ayaa xallisa luminta qarsoodiga ah ee wax-dhisayaasha sambaqui (119 notícias)

Publicado em 01 de agosto de 2023

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Daraasad dhowaan la sameeyay oo DNA ah ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in qalfoofkii ugu da'da weynaa ee dadka laga helay São Paulo, Brazil, Luzio, dib loogu soo celin karo dadkii asalka ahaa ee Ameerika ku dhawaad ​​16,000 oo sano ka hor. Kooxdan shakhsiyaadka ahi waxay aakhirkii dhaliyeen dadka Tupi-ga asaliga ah ee maanta.

Maqaalkani waxa uu soo bandhigayaa sharaxaad ku saabsan luminta dadka ugu da'da weyn gobolka xeebta Brazil kuwaas oo dhisay "sambaquis" caanka ah, kuwaas oo ah qolof badan oo qolof ah iyo lafo kalluun oo loo isticmaalo guryaha, goobaha aaska, iyo calaamadaha xuduudaha dhulka. Cilmi-baarayaasha qadiimiga ah waxay had iyo jeer ku calaamadiyaan tuulmooyinkan sida tuulmo qolof ah ama dhexda jikada. Cilmi-baadhistu waxay ku salaysan tahay xogta ugu ballaadhan ee xogta genomic ee qadiimiga ah ee Brazil.

Andre Menezes Strauss, oo ku takhasusay cilmiga qadiimiga MAE-USP iyo hogaamiyaha cilmi-baarista, ayaa ka faallooday in wax-dhisayaasha sambaqui ee xeebta Atlantic ay ahaayeen kooxda ugu dadka badan ee ku nool Koonfurta Ameerika ka hor gumeysiga ka dib ilbaxnimooyinka Andean. Kumanaan iyo sano, waxaa loo arkayay 'boqorrada xeebaha', ilaa ay si lama filaan ah u lumeen qiyaastii 2,000 oo sano ka hor.

Genom-yada 34 fossils, ugu yaraan 10,000 sano jir ah, oo ka yimid afar goobood oo xeebaha Brazil ah ayaa si fiican u baadhay qorayaashu. Fossils-kan waxaa laga soo qaatay siddeed goobood: Cabecuda, Capelinha, Cubatao, Limao, Jabuticabeira II, Palmeiras Xingu, Pedra do Alexandre, iyo Vau Una, oo ay ku jiraan sambaquis.

Waxaa hogaaminaya Levy Figuti, oo ah borofisar ka tirsan MAE-USP, kooxdu waxay ka heleen qalfoofka ugu da'da weyn Sao Paulo, Luzio, webiga Capelinha badhtanka dooxada Ribeira de Iguape. Dhafoorkeedu wuxuu la mid ahaa Luzia, oo ah fosilskii ugu da'da weynaa ee laga helay Koonfurta Ameerika ilaa hadda, kaas oo lagu qiyaasay inuu jiro ilaa 13,000 oo sano. Markii hore, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay qiyaaseen in ay ka soo jeedaan dad ka duwan kan Amerindians-ka hadda, kuwaas oo ku noolaa Brazil 14,000 oo sano ka hor, laakiin markii dambe ayaa la xaqiijiyay inay been tahay.

Natiijooyinka falanqaynta hidaha ee Luzio ayaa la aasaasay inuu ahaa Amerindian, sida Tupi, Quechua, ama Cherokee. Tani macnaheedu maaha inay si buuxda isku mid yihiin, haddana marka laga eego aragtida adduunka oo dhan, waxay dhammaantood ka soo jeedaan hal mowjad oo tahriib ah oo gaadhay Ameerika wax aan ka badnayn 16,000 oo sano ka hor. Strauss wuxuu sheegay in haddii ay jiraan dad kale oo ku nool gobolka 30,000 oo sano ka hor, aysan ka tagin wax farcan ah oo ka mid ah kooxahan.

DNA-da Luzio waxay siisay aragti su'aal kale. Middens-ka webigu way ka duwan yihiin kuwa xeebaha ah, markaa daahfurka looma qaadan karo inuu yahay hormoodka sambaquis-ga qadiimiga ah ee soo baxay mar dambe. Muujintani waxay muujinaysaa in ay jireen laba socdaal oo kala duwan - gudaha iyo xeebaha agtooda.

Maxaa ku dhacay abuurayaashii sambaqui? Baaritaanka xogta hidde-sidaha ayaa daaha ka qaaday dad aan isku mid ahayn oo leh cunsur dhaqameed la wadaago laakiin faraqa bayoloji oo aad u badan, gaar ahaan dadka deggan gobollada xeebta ee koonfur-bari iyo koonfurta.

Strauss wuxuu xusay in cilmi-baaris lagu sameeyay morphology-ga cranial 2000-meeyadii ay horey u soo jeedisay farqi aan qarsoodi ahayn oo u dhexeeya bulshooyinkan, kaas oo lagu taageeray falanqaynta hidde-socodka. Waxaa la ogaaday in tiro ka mid ah dadka xeebaha ah aan la go'doomin, laakiin ay si joogto ah u beddelaan hiddo-wadaha kooxaha gudaha. Nidaamkani waa inuu socday kumanaan sano waxaana loo maleynayaa inuu keenay kala duwanaanshaha gobolka ee sambaquis.

Markii la baarayay luminta qarsoodiga ah ee bulshadan badda ku taal, oo ka kooban ugaarsadihii ugu horreeyay iyo ururiyeyaashii Holocene, shaybaarrada DNA-da ayaa la falanqeeyay, taas oo ka soo horjeedda dhaqanka Neolithic ee Yurub ee dadka oo dhan, waxa ka dhacay gobolkani wuxuu ahaa isbeddelka caadooyinka, oo ku lug leh hoos u dhaca dhismaha qolofka middens iyo ku darida dhoobada by dhisayaasha sambaqui. Tusaale ahaan, walxaha hidda-socodka ah ee laga helay Galheta IV (oo ku yaal gobolka Santa Catarina) - goobta ugu xiisaha badan muddadan - kuma jiraan qolof, laakiin halkii ceramics, waxayna la mid tahay sambaquis-ka caadiga ah ee arrintan.

Strauss waxa uu xusay in natiijooyinka daraasadda 2014 ee ku saabsan jeexjeexyada dhoobada ee sambaquis ay ku heshiiyeen fikradda ah in dheryaha loo isticmaalo in lagu kariyo kalluunka, halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen khudradda gudaha ah. Waxa uu carabka ku dhuftay sida dadka deegaanka ay uga faa’iideysteen farsamo ka timid gudaha dalka oo ay ku farsameeyaan cuntadooda.

Nature on July 31, 2023.