The Rising Threat of Dengue: A Global Health Concern
The alarming alert issued by the Ministry of Health to states and municipalities is a stark reminder of the potential surge in dengue cases in the early months of this year. This situation, already dire, could worsen if the necessary measures are not taken promptly. In 2024, the disease spread rapidly due to inadequate actions by authorities at all levels of government, resulting in a record-breaking number of cases and deaths.
According to official statistics, there were 6,644,336 cases of dengue registered in 2024, nearly four times more than the previous year. Tragically, this led to 6,041 deaths, with another 875 cases still under investigation.
Projections for the Upcoming Season
The Ministry of Health projects that states such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Tocantins, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Paraná may experience higher incidences of dengue compared to last year. Furthermore, the presence of the DENV3 strain, for which a significant portion of the Brazilian population lacks immunity, is a growing concern. This strain has been detected in states like Amapá, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Roraima, and Pará.
The Search for Effective Solutions
The battle against dengue has been challenging over the years. In late 2023, the federal government integrated the Qdenga vaccine, developed by the Japanese firm Takeda, into the SUS. This was a significant step forward, as it protects against all four dengue serotypes and is administered in two doses. Approved by the Anvisa in March 2023, it began being offered in February 2023. While the vaccine has shown efficacy and safety in protecting against dengue, its limited production capacity restricts its widespread use. It is currently distributed only to municipalities with higher dengue incidence, targeting individuals aged 10 to 14.
New Hope with Butantan’s Vaccine
Butantan, in partnership with the Institutes of Health in the United States, has developed a new vaccine that offers 89% protection against severe dengue. This vaccine, if approved by the Anvisa, would be administered in a single dose, simplifying the logistics. However, the approval process and production demands mean that it may not be immediately available for use.
The Urgent Need for Vector Control
Despite the availability of vaccines, the fight against dengue requires a strong focus on vector control. Eliminating the mosquito vectors responsible for transmitting the disease is crucial. This task has proven challenging in Brazil, with the number of cases steadily increasing over the years. The effort to eliminate these vectors relies on coordinated efforts from local governments, states, and the federal government, as well as the public. Campaigns to educate the population about the importance of vector control are essential. The creation of "batalhões" of agents to inspect homes for mosquito breeding sites could significantly enhance the fight against dengue.
Conclusion
The threat of dengue is real and growing. While vaccines are a promising solution, the elimination of mosquito vectors remains the most effective immediate strategy. Collaboration among authorities and the public is essential to combat this disease effectively. Stay informed about the latest developments in dengue control and prevention by exploring related articles on Newsylist.