We know that consuming fish oil, rich in Omega 3 fatty acids, can help reduce cholesterol and blood pressure. Now a study conducted by Brazilian researchers has said that taking fish oil supplements can suppress insulin resistance — when the body’s cells don’t respond to insulin properly, making it hard for it to use glucose for energy — in non-obese people.
The study, conducted on mice, shows how researchers administered 2 grams of Omega 3-rich fish oil per kilogram of body weight three times a week. The results showed a notable reduction in insulin resistance, along with improved levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.
According to Dr Saptarshi Bhattacharya, senior consultant, Endocrinology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, the finding is encouraging but fish oil’s effects may vary based on genetic factors and pre-existing health conditions. “While it may aid insulin function, it should not be seen as a standalone cure but should complement diet, exercise and medical management. Its impact should be now studied across populations,” he says.
Fish oil, rich in Omega 3, reduces inflammation, a key factor in insulin resistance. It reduces inflammatory cytokines, small proteins involved in cell to cell communication. In bigger numbers, these interfere with the body’s ability to use insulin effectively. Besides, fish oil helps insulin bind easily to cell membranes and boosts levels of adiponectin, a fat-derived hormone that helps cells use insulin better.
Why is the study significant?
That’s because insulin resistance in non-obese individuals is influenced by genetic factors rather than obesity-related inflammation. Fish oil seems an effective strategy for managing diabetes in these individuals without weight issues.
How does Omega 3 work in obese and non-obese people?
Fish oil affects insulin resistance differently in obese and non-obese individuals. In the overweight, it helps control cholesterol, reduce abdominal obesity, waist circumference and improve waist-to-hip ratio. This leads to better insulin sensitivity.
In non-obese individuals, insulin resistance may be linked more to genetic factors, sedentary behaviour or poor diet rather than excess fat. Here fish oil works on insulin efficiency itself.
Every supplement must be taken on the advice of a healthcare provider, customised and used in moderation. While fish oil is beneficial, research suggests it may negatively impact sugar control in some people with diabetes. That’s because they can increase glucose production in the liver, raising fasting blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Some studies indicate that very high doses of fish oil may impair pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin. Additionally, fish oil can have mild blood-thinning effects, which may be a concern for those on anticoagulants. Other side effects include gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea and an increased risk of cell damage if poor-quality or rancid fish oil is consumed.
What’s better, consuming fish oil or fish?
Whole fish is better because it has additional nutrients like protein, vitamin D, selenium and iodine, which support overall health. Whole fish provides a more balanced intake of Omega 3 fatty acids. Moreover, eating fish ensures better bioavailability of Omega 3 and promotes satiety. Supplements are beneficial for individuals who do not consume fish regularly or have specific Omega 3 deficiencies.