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A study conducted at Harvard University has identified a group of metabolites that travel from the intestine to the liver and then to the heart, where they are pumped throughout the body. These metabolites play an important role in controlling metabolic pathways in the liver and insulin sensitivity. This discovery may contribute to future treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes. "The hepatic portal vein drains much of the blood from the intestine to the liver. Therefore, it's the [...]

A study conducted at Harvard University has identified the central role of serotonin - a hormone involved in mood regulation - in the development of post-bariatric hypoglycaemia. "We identified that this type of hypoglycaemia is associated with the dysregulation of serotonin levels in the blood, a hormone that, in addition to controlling mood, is also capable of stimulating the secretion of the hormones insulin and GLP-1 in the body," explained Rafael Ferraz-Bannitz, who conducted [...]

After a one-year interdisciplinary therapy programme that included clinical, nutritional, psychological and exercise counselling, a group of 22 adolescents living with not only lost weight but also exhibited lower blood levels of inflammatory and cardiovascular risk mediators. These two achievements led to reduced insulin resistance and hence a lower risk of diabetes, as well as less visceral fat and a better energy balance (the ratio of calorie intake to calorie expenditure). All these factors [...]

Oral health deteriorates in people living with morbid obesity on a diet in preparation for bariatric surgery and patients who have undergone the procedure, with increasing caries, gingivitis and periodontitis, according to researchers at the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) in Brazil. The study followed 100 patients divided into two groups (dietary counselling and gastroplasty) at the Bariatric Clinic in Piracicaba, São Paulo state. The clinic performs some 50 such [...]

Researchers at the University of São Paulo, Brazil, have revealed that the hormone adiponectin, plays a doubly important role in preserving pancreatic function - in lean people, it protects beta cells, which make insulin and in people with obesity, it reverses damage to fatty tissue. The discovery was made by researchers at the University of São Paulo's Chemistry Institute (IQ-USP) and indicates adiponectin could lead to novel routes to treatment for type 2 diabetes and [...]

Patients who exercise after bariatric surgery produced functional alterations in brain networks associated with food intake and modified by obesity. The study’s researchers said the findings confirm the hypothesis that exercise and bariatric surgery act synergistically on the connectivity among brain regions associated with cognition, reward and emotional regulation, potentially moderating hunger and enhancing satiety. "The regulation of energy expenditure is governed by multiple [...]

Experiments conducted in Brazil by researchers at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and the University of São Paulo (USP) have shown visceral fat - considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and high blood pressure - contributes more to severe COVID-19 than subcutaneous fat. To reach this conclusion, Marcelo Mori, a professor at UNICAMP's Institute of Biology and one of the leaders of the study, infected in the laboratory two types of adipocytes (fat [...]

Hyperglycaemia is the variable that most affects the number of deaths from heart attack, according to a study conducted in Brazil. Researchers at the Vascular Biology Laboratory of the Heart Institute (InCor), attached to the University of São Paulo's Medical School (FM-USP), reported hyperglycaemia correlated five to ten times more than other risk factors. The investigators analysed data for the Brazilian population collected between 2005 and 2017, to determine the number of [...]

Based on data for 3,587 adolescents aged 12-19 who took part in the 2011-16 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the US, researchers at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil have calculated the impact of consuming ultra-processed foods on the risk of obesity. They divided participants in the study into three groups according to the amount of ultra-processed foods consumed. When they compared those with the highest level (64% of total diet by weight on [...]