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A study reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) shows how the presence of a specific protein called IL-22BP affects the composition of the gut microbiota and the body's response to bacterial infection. "We discovered that mice that don't produce this protein are more protected against intestinal infections by bacteria like Clostridioides difficile and Citrobacter rodentium," said Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo, a co-author of the article. He [...]

(A and B) Spectral fluorescence imaging of B16F10 cells after fs pulsed irradiation, showing variable inter- and intra-cellular melanin emission. Panel C shows the averaged spectra over five different individual cells. The overlap of the melanin fluorescence emission and the photosensitizer absorption spectra is evident in D and E. Credit: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316303121 Researchers at the Optics and Photonics Research Center [...]

WhatsApp can be a highly effective tool to help older people overcome loneliness and depression, according to the findings of a study conducted in Guarulhos, the second-largest city in São Paulo state, Brazil. An article on the study is published in the journal Nature Medicine. The co-corresponding author is Marcia Scazufca, a scientific researcher at Hospital das Clínicas (HC), the hospital complex run by the University of São Paulo's Medical School (FM-USP), and a [...]

The relationship between living in a polluted city like São Paulo (Brazil) and lung disease or cancer is well known. But the problems go further. Unprecedented research shows that long-term exposure to air pollution is directly linked to increased heart risks in residents of the capital of the state of the same name. People with high blood pressure are at even greater risk. The study, published in the journal Environmental Research, was conducted by researchers from the University of [...]

By analyzing samples of flour and rice stored in homes in Ribeirão Preto, in the interior of the state of São Paulo (Brazil), researchers from the University of São Paulo (USP) found the presence of high levels of fungal toxins (mycotoxins). The study is published in the journal Food Research International. As the authors point out, dietary exposure to mycotoxins can trigger a range of health problems, especially in children and adolescents. The data, therefore, [...]

In an article published in the journal Psychiatry Research, Brazilian scientists describe a number of molecular alterations found in the blood and brain tissue of individuals who committed suicide. According to the authors, the study aimed to identify susceptibility factors and potential targets for innovative pharmacological intervention. More than 700,000 people take their own lives worldwide each year, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The suicide rate is particularly [...]

CD4 + T cells have been highlighted in the scientific literature for the important role they play in the immune response to lung infections. However, an article published in the journal Cell Reports shows that an imbalance in the volumes of these defense cells in different parts of the lung in response to infection can do more harm than good. The study described in the article involved infecting mice with hypervirulent tuberculosis and influenza. The authors concluded that an "ideal [...]

Aversion to an offending smell can be an indicator of the organism’s capacity to protect itself from harmful substances and live longer. This at least is what happens in the case of nematodes of the species Caenorhabditis elegans. Although nematodes (roundworms or threadworms) do not look remotely like humans, for about 50 years they have been used as a model for biological studies. The advantages include a simple nervous system, few cells and genes, many of which have the same [...]

Scientists are looking for new ways to treat toxoplasmosis, an infectious disease that affects more than a third of the world population. One of the most recent advances is reported in an article published in the journal PLOS ONE by researchers at the Jundiaí Medical School (FMJ) in São Paulo state, Brazil. The group screened 160 existing drugs to explore their potential repurposing to combat toxoplasmosis. The drugs belonged to the COVID Box, a library of [...]